July 30

July 30 is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 154 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 762 – Baghdad is founded by caliph Al-Mansur.
• 1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: a crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council.
• 1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off the coast of Honduras during his fourth voyage.
• 1608 – At Ticonderoga (now Crown Point, New York), Samuel de Champlain shoots and kills two Iroquois chiefs. This was to set the tone for French-Iroquois relations for the next one hundred years.
• 1619 – In Jamestown, Virginia, the first representative assembly in the Americas, the House of Burgesses, convenes for the first time.
• 1629 – An earthquake in Naples, Italy, kills about 10,000 people.
• 1656 – Swedish forces under the command of King Charles X Gustav defeat the forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at the Battle of Warsaw.
• 1729 – Foundation of Baltimore, Maryland.
• 1733 – The first Masonic Grand Lodge in the future United States is constituted in Massachusetts.
• 1756 – In Saint Petersburg, Bartolomeo Rastrelli presents the newly-built Catherine Palace to Empress Elizabeth and her courtiers.
• 1811 – Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, leader of the Mexican insurgency, is executed by the Spanish in Chihuahua, Mexico.
• 1825 – Malden Island is discovered by captain George Anson Byron.
• 1859 – First ascent of Grand Combin, one of the highest summits in the Alps.
• 1863 – Indian Wars: Chief Pocatello of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty of Box Elder, agreeing to stop the harassment of emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of the Crater – Union forces attempt to break Confederate lines at Petersburg, Virginia by exploding a large bomb under their trenches.
• 1865 – The steamboat Brother Jonathan sinks off the coast of Crescent City, California, killing 225 passengers, the deadliest shipwreck on the Pacific Coast of the U.S. at the time.
• 1866 – New Orleans's Democratic government orders police to raid an integrated Republican Party meeting, killing 40 people and injuring 150.
• 1871 – The Staten Island Ferry Westfield's boiler explodes, killing over 85 people.
• 1916 – Black Tom Island explosion in Jersey City, New Jersey.
• 1930 – In Montevideo, Uruguay wins the first Football World Cup.
• 1932 – Premiere of Walt Disney's Flowers and Trees, the first cartoon short to use Technicolor and the first Academy Award winning cartoon short.
• 1945 – World War II: Japanese submarine I-58 sinks the USS Indianapolis, killing 883 seamen.
• 1956 – A joint resolution of the U.S. Congress is signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, authorizing In God We Trust as the U.S. national motto.
• 1962 – The Trans-Canada Highway, the largest national highway in the world, is officially opened.
• 1965 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Social Security Act of 1965 into law, establishing Medicare and Medicaid.
• 1967 – Israel passes the Jerusalem Law and annexes East Jerusalem.
• 1969 – Vietnam War: US President Richard M. Nixon makes an unscheduled visit to South Vietnam and meets with President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu and U.S. military commanders.
• 1971 – Apollo program: Apollo 15 Mission – David Scott and James Irwin on the Apollo Lunar Module module Falcon land on the Moon with the first Lunar Rover.
• 1971 – An All Nippon Airways Boeing 727 and a Japanese Air Force F-86 collide over Morioka, Japan killing 162.
• 1974 – Watergate Scandal: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon releases subpoenaed White House recordings after being ordered to do so by the United States Supreme Court.
• 1974 – Six Royal Canadian Army Cadets are killed and fifty-four are injured in an accidental grenade blast at CFB Valcartier Cadet Camp.
• 1975 – Jimmy Hoffa disappears from the parking lot of the Machus Red Fox restaurant in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, at about 2:30 p.m. He is never seen or heard from again, and will be declared legally dead on this date in 1982.
• 1975 – The Troubles: three members of a popular cabaret band and two gunmen are killed during a botched paramilitary attack in Northern Ireland (see Miami Showband killings).
• 1978 – The 730 (transport), Okinawa changes its traffic on the right-hand side of the road to the left-hand side.
• 1980 – Vanuatu gains independence.
• 1980 – Israel's Knesset passes the Jerusalem Law
• 1990 – George Steinbrenner is forced by Commissioner Fay Vincent to resign as principal partner of New York Yankees for hiring Howie Spira to "get dirt" on Dave Winfield.
• 2003 – In Mexico, the last 'old style' Volkswagen Beetle rolls off the assembly line.
• 2006 – The world's longest running music show Top of the Pops is broadcast for the last time on BBC Two. The show had aired for 42 years.
• 2006 – Lebanon War: At least 28 civilians, including 16 children are killed by the Israeli Air Force in what Lebanese call the Second Qana massacre and what Israel considers to be an attempt to stop rockets' being fired, from Lebanon, at Israeli civilian targets.

Births

• 1511 – Giorgio Vasari, Italian painter, biographer, art historian and architect (d. 1574)
• 1549 – Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1609)
• 1641 – Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist (d. 1673)
• 1751 – Maria Anna Mozart, Austrian musician (d. 1829)
• 1763 – Samuel Rogers, English poet (d. 1855)
• 1809 – Charles Chiniquy, Quebec excommunicated Catholic priest (d. 1899)
• 1818 – Emily Brontλ, English novelist (d. 1848)
• 1818 – Jan Heemskerk, Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1897)
• 1825 – Chaim Aronson, Lithuanian inventor, academic and memoirs writer (d. 1893)
• 1855 – Georg Wilhelm von Siemens, German industrialist (d. 1919)
• 1857 – Thorstein Veblen, American economist (d. 1929)
• 1859 – Henry Simpson Lunn, English humanitarian (d. 1939)
• 1863 – Henry Ford, American industrialist (d. 1947)
• 1872 – Princess Clιmentine of Belgium (d. 1955)
• 1881 – Smedley Butler, American Marine general (d. 1940)
• 1889 – Vladimir Zworykin, Russian physicist (d. 1982)
• 1890 – Casey Stengel, American baseball manager (d. 1975)
• 1893 – Fatima Jinnah, Pakistani political activist, sister of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and "Mother of the Nation" (d. 1967)
• 1895 – Wanda Hawley, American actress (d. 1963)
• 1898 – Henry Moore, English sculptor (d. 1986)
• 1899 – Gerald Moore, English pianist (d. 1987)
• 1901 – Alfred Lιpine, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1955)
• 1904 – Salvador Novo, Mexican writer (d. 1974)
• 1909 – C. Northcote Parkinson, English historian (d. 1993)
• 1909 – Magda Schneider German actress (d. 1996).
• 1910 – Edgar de Evia, American photographer (d. 2003)
• 1913 – Lou Darvas, American artist and cartoonist (d. 1987)
• 1914 – Lord Killanin, Irish IOC president (d. 1999)
• 1916 – Dick Wilson, American actor (d. 2007)
• 1919 – Berniece Baker Miracle, half-sister of Marilyn Monroe
• 1921 – Grant Johannesen, American pianist (d. 2005)
• 1922 – Henry W. Bloch, American co-founder of H&R Block
• 1925 – Alexander Trocchi, Scottish writer (d. 1984)
• 1925 – Jacques Sernas, French actor
• 1926 – Christine McGuire, American singer (The McGuire Sisters)
• 1927 – Pete Schoening, American mountaineer (d. 2004)
• 1927 – Victor Wong, American actor (d. 2001)
• 1928 – Eunice Muρoz, Portuguese actress
• 1928 – Joe Nuxhall, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2007)
• 1929 – Sid Krofft, Canadian children's television producer
• 1933 – Edd Byrnes, American actor
• 1934 – Bud Selig, American Commissioner of Baseball
• 1936 – Buddy Guy, American blues guitarist and singer
• 1936 – Infanta Pilar of Spain
• 1936 – Ralph Taeger, American actor
• 1938 – Hervι de Charette, French politician
• 1939 – Peter Bogdanovich, American film director
• 1939 – Eleanor Smeal, American feminist
• 1940 – Pat Schroeder, American politician
• 1940 – Sir Clive Sinclair, English entrepreneur and inventor
• 1941 – Paul Anka, Canadian singer and composer
• 1943 – Henri-Franηois Gautrin, Quebec politician
• 1945 – Patrick Modiano, French novelist
• 1945 – David Sanborn, American saxophonist
• 1946 – Neil Bonnett, American race car driver (d. 1994)
• 1947 – William Atherton, American actor
• 1947 – Franηoise Barrι-Sinoussi, virologist and Nobel Prize winner
• 1947 – Jonathan Mann, American AIDS activist (d. 1998)
• 1947 – Anna Panayiotopoulou, Greek actress and theatrical writer
• 1947 – Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-born American actor, bodybuilder and politician, 38th Governor of California
• 1948 – Jean Reno, Moroccan-born French actor
• 1948 – Otis Taylor, American musician
• 1948 – Julia Tsenova, Bulgarian composer and pianist (d. 2010)
• 1949 – Duck Baker, American guitarist
• 1950 – Frank Stallone, American singer and actor
• 1951 – Alan Kourie, South African cricketer
• 1954 – Ken Olin, American actor
• 1956 – Delta Burke, American actress
• 1956 – Rιal Cloutier, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1956 – Anita Hill, American academic, witness at the sexual harassment trial against Clarence Thomas
• 1956 – Soraida Martinez, American painter, creator of Verdadism
• 1957 – Clint Hurdle, American baseball player and manager
• 1957 – Bill Cartwright, American basketball player
• 1957 – Nery Pumpido, Argentine footballer
• 1957 – Rat Scabies, English drummer (The Damned)
• 1958 – Richard Burgi, American actor
• 1958 – Kate Bush, English singer-songwriter
• 1958 – Neal McCoy, American singer-songwriter and humanitarian
• 1958 – Daley Thompson, English decathlete
• 1960 – Richard Linklater, American filmmaker
• 1961 – Laurence Fishburne, American actor
• 1962 – Alton Brown, American television host and chef
• 1962 – Jay Feaster, American National Hockey League executive
• 1963 – Lisa Kudrow, American actress
• 1963 – Chris Mullin, American basketball player
• 1964 – Vivica A. Fox, American actress
• 1964 – Jόrgen Klinsmann, German footballer and manager
• 1964 – Alek Keshishian, Lebanese-born American film director
• 1965 – Tim Munton, England cricketer
• 1966 – Allan Langer, Australian Rugby League Player
• 1968 – Terry Crews, American football player and actor
• 1968 – Robert Korzeniowski, Polish racewalker
• 1968 – Sean Moore, Welsh drummer (Manic Street Preachers)
• 1969 – Simon Baker, Australian actor
• 1969 – Errol Stewart, South African cricketer and lawyer
• 1970 – Dean Edwards, American comedian
• 1970 – Christopher Nolan, English film director
• 1971 – Elvis Crespo, Puerto Rican singer
• 1971 – Tom Green, Canadian comedian and actor
• 1971 – Sagi Kalev, Israeli-born American bodybuilder
• 1971 – Christine Taylor, American actress
• 1973 – Anastasios Katsabis, Greek footballer
• 1973 – Markus Nδslund, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1973 – Sonu Nigam, Indian singer and actor
• 1974 – Sandra Diaz-Twine, American winner of Survivor: Pearl Islands and Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains
• 1974 – Radostin Kishishev, Bulgarian footballer
• 1974 – Jason Robinson, English dual-code rugby player
• 1974 – Hilary Swank, American actress
• 1975 – Graham Nicholls, English author and artist
• 1975 – Cherie Priest, American writer
• 1977 – Diana Bolocco, Chilean television presenter
• 1977 – James Branaman, American model and reality show contestant (The Amazing Race)
• 1977 – Jaime Pressly, American actress
• 1977 – Ian Watkins, Welsh singer (Lostprophets)
• 1979 – Carlos Arroyo, Puerto Rican basketball player
• 1979 – Show Luo, Taiwanese singer, television host, dancer and actor
• 1979 – Graeme McDowell, Northern Irish golfer
• 1980 – Sara Anzanello, Italian volleyball player
• 1980 – Justin Rose, British golfer
• 1981 – Nicky Hayden, American motorcycle racer
• 1981 – Juan Smith, South African rugby player
• 1982 – Khalilah Adams, American actress
• 1982 – James Anderson, English cricketer
• 1982 – Jehad Al-Hussain, Syrian footballer
• 1982 – Yvonne Strahovski, Australian actress
• 1983 – Sean Dillon, Irish footballer
• 1984 – Gabrielle Christian, American actress
• 1984 – Kevin Pittsnogle, American basketball player
• 1985 – Daniel Fredheim Holm, Norwegian footballer
• 1986 – Tiago, Brazilian footballer
• 1987 – Anton Fink, German footballer
• 1990 – Coco Sumner, Italy-born English singer-songwriter and guitarist, daughter of Sting
• 1991 – Diana Vickers, English singer and stage actress
• 1993 – Miho Miyazaki, Japanese singer (AKB48)
• 1999 – Joey King, American actress
• 2002 – Prince Hridayendra of Nepal, Nepalese royal

Deaths

• 578 – Jacob Baradaeus, Bishop of Edessa (birth date unknown)
• 579 – Pope Benedict I (birth date unknown)
• 1540 – Thomas Abel, English priest (martyred) (b. c. 1497)
• 1540 – Robert Barnes, English churchman (martyred) (b. 1495)
• 1550 – Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton, English politician (b. 1505)
• 1652 – Charles Amιdιe de Savoie, 6th Duc de Nemours, French soldier (b. 1624)
• 1680 – Thomas Butler, Earl of Ossory, Irish naval commander (b. 1634)
• 1683 – Maria Theresa of Spain, Spanish-born Queen consort of France, wife of Louis XIV of France (b. 1638)
• 1691 – Daniel Georg Morhof, German writer and scholar (b. 1639)
• 1718 – William Penn, English founder of the Province of Pennsylvania (b. 1644)
• 1771 – Thomas Gray, English poet and letter-writer (b. 1716)
• 1789 – Giovanna Bonanno, Italian poisoner and alleged witch (b. c. 1713)
• 1811 – Miguel Hidalgo, Mexican patriot and Independence leader (b. 1753)
• 1875 – George Pickett, American Confederate general (b. 1825)
• 1889 – Charlie Absolom, England cricketer (b. 1846)
• 1898 – Otto von Bismarck, 1st Chancellor of the German Empire (b. 1815)
• 1900 – Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1844)
• 1912 – Emperor Meiji, Japanese emperor (b. 1852)
• 1918 – Joyce Kilmer, American poet (b. 1886)
• 1920 – Albert Gustaf Dahlman, Swedish executioner, the last to carry out capital punishment in Sweden (b. 1848)
• 1930 – Joan Gamper, Swiss-born Spanish football pioneer, businessman and founder of FC Barcelona (b. 1877)
• 1947 – Joseph Cook, 6th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1860)
• 1965 – Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, Japanese novelist (b. 1886)
• 1970 – Sir Walter Murdoch, Australian academic and essayist (b. 1874)
• 1970 – George Szell, Hungarian conductor (b. 1897)
• 1982 – Roberta Pedon, American glamour model (b. 1954)
• 1983 – Howard Dietz, American lyricist (b. 1896)
• 1983 – Lynn Fontanne, English actress (b. 1887)
• 1985 – Julia Robinson, American mathematician (b. 1919)
• 1989 – Lane Frost, American bull rider (b. 1963)
• 1992 – Joe Shuster, Canadian comic book artist (b. 1914)
• 1992 – Brenda Marshall, American actress (b. 1915)
• 1994 – Ryszard Riedel, Polish singer (b.1956)
• 1996 – Claudette Colbert, American actress (b. 1903)
• 1997 – Bảo Đại, Emperor of Vietnam (b. 1913)
• 1998 – Buffalo Bob Smith, American television host (Howdy Doody) (b. 1917)
• 1998 – Jorge Russek, Mexican actor (b. 1932)
• 2001 – Anton Schwarzkopf, German amusement ride engineer (b. 1924)
• 2003 – Sam Phillips, American record producer (b. 1923)
• 2004 – Andre Noble, Canadian actor (b. 1979)
• 2005 – Ray Cunningham, American baseball player (b. 1905)
• 2005 – John Garang, Vice President of Sudan (b. 1945)
• 2005 – Anthony Walker, English hate crime murder victim (b. 1987)
• 2006 – Anthony Galla-Rini, American accordionist (b. 1904)
• 2006 – Al Balding, Canadian golfer (b. 1924)
• 2006 – Murray Bookchin, American libertarian socialist (b. 1921)
• 2006 – Akbar Mohammadi, Iranian democratic activist
• 2007 – Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian film director (b. 1912)
• 2007 – Teoctist, Romanian-born Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church (b. 1915)
• 2007 – Ingmar Bergman, Swedish stage and film director (b. 1918)
• 2007 – Bill Walsh, American football coach (b. 1931)
• 2008 – Anne Armstrong U.S. ambassador to Britain (b. 1927)
• 2009 – Peter Zadek, German theatre director (b. 1926)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Abdon and Sennen
  • Peter Chrysologus
  • Ursus of Auxerre
  • July 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Feast of the Throne (Morocco)
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Vanuatu from the United Kingdom and France in 1980.