July 13

July 13 is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 171 days remaining until the end of the year.

[edit] Events

• 1174 – William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173–1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
• 1249 – Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots.
• 1260 – The Livonian Order suffers its greatest defeat in the 13th century in the Battle of Durbe against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
• 1558 – Battle of Gravelines: in France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul de Thermes at Gravelines.
• 1573 – Eighty Years' War: the Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months.
• 1643 – English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down – In England, Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, heavily defeats the Parliamentarian forces led by Sir William Waller.
• 1787 – The Continental Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery.
• 1793 – Journalist and French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat is assassinated in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday, a member of the opposing political faction.
• 1794 – The Battle of the Vosges is fought between French forces and those of Prussia and Austria.
• 1814 – The Carabinieri, the national gendarmerie of Italy, is established.
• 1830 – The General Assembly's Institution, now the Scottish Church College, one of the pioneering institutions that ushered the Bengal Renaissance, is founded by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy, in Calcutta, India.
• 1854 – In the Battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General Jose Maria Yanez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset-Boulbon.
• 1863 – New York Draft Riots: in New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
• 1878 – Treaty of Berlin: the European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania become completely independent of the Ottoman empire.
• 1905 – The verdict in the six-month long Smarthavicharam trial of Kuriyedath Thathri is pronounced, leading to the excommunication of 65 men of various castes.
• 1919 – The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
• 1923 – The Hollywood Sign is officially dedicated in the hills above Hollywood, Los Angeles. It originally reads "Hollywoodland " but the four last letters are dropped after renovation in 1949.
• 1941 – World War II: Montenegrins begin a popular uprising against the Axis Powers (Trinaestojulski ustanak), the first in Axis-controlled countries.
• 1962 – In an unprecedented action, British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan dismisses seven members of his Cabinet, marking the effective end of the National Liberals as a distinct force within British politics.
• 1973 – Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the "Nixon tapes" to the special Senate committee investigating the Watergate break in.
• 1977 – New York City, amidst a period of financial and social turmoil experiences an electrical blackout lasting nearly 24 hours that leads to widespread fires and looting.
• 1985 – The Live Aid benefit concert takes place in London and Philadelphia, as well as other venues such as Sydney and Moscow.
• 1985 – Vice President George H.W. Bush becomes the Acting President for the day when President Ronald Reagan undergoes surgery to remove polyps from his colon.
• 1990 – An earthquake with its epicentre in Afghanistan results in the greatest number of fatalities in a mountaineering accident in High Asian mountains when an avalanche kills 43 climbers in Camp I on Pik Lenina (Lenin Peak).
• 2003 – French DGSE personnel abort an operation to rescue Ingrid Betancourt from FARC rebels in Colombia, causing a political scandal when details are leaked to the press.
• 2008 – War in Afghanistan: Taliban guerrillas attack NATO troops near the village of Wanat in the Waygal district in Afghanistan's far eastern province of Nuristan.
• 2011 – Mumbai is rocked by three bomb blasts during the evening rush hour, killing 26 and injuring 130.

[edit] Births

• 1527 – John Dee, English scientist (d. 1609)
• 1579 – Arthur Dee, English physician (d. 1651)
• 1590 – Pope Clement X (d. 1676)
• 1607 – Vαclav Hollar, Bohemian-born English etcher (d. 1677)
• 1608 – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1657)
• 1745 – Robert Calder, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1818)
• 1760 – Istvαn Pauli (Pαvel) Hungarian Slovene priest and writer (d. 1829)
• 1770 – Alexander Balashov, Russian general (d. 1837)
• 1776 – Caroline of Baden, consort of Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (d. 1841)
• 1793 – John Clare, English poet (d. 1864)
• 1798 – Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia), German-born consort of Nicholas I of Russia (d. 1860)
• 1821 – Nathan Bedford Forrest, American Confederate cavalry officer (d. 1877)
• 1841 – Otto Wagner, Austrian architect (d. 1918)
• 1858 – Stewart Culin, American ethnographer (d. 1929)
• 1859 – Sidney Webb, British socialist (d. 1947)
• 1864 – John Jacob Astor IV, American entrepreneur (d. 1912)
• 1889 – Louise Mountbatten, German-born consort of Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (d. 1965)
• 1894 – Isaac Babel, Soviet writer (d. 1940)
• 1895 – Sidney Blackmer, American actor (d. 1973)
• 1896 – Mordecai Ardon, Israeli painter (d. 1992)
• 1898 – Julius Schreck, German Nazi party official (d. 1936)
• 1900 – George Lewis, American jazz clarinetist (d. 1969)
• 1901 – Eric Portman, English stage and film actor (d. 1969)
• 1903 – Kenneth Clark, English art historian (d. 1983)
• 1905 – Alfredo M. Santos, Filipino military leader (d. 1990)
• 1910 – Loren Pope, American writer (d. 2008)
• 1913 – Dave Garroway, American television host (d. 1982)
• 1913 – Mζrsk Mc-Kinney Mψller, Danish shipping magnate (d. 2012)
• 1918 – Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (d. 1955)
• 1918 – Marcia Brown, American author and illustrator
• 1920 – Bill Towers, English footballer (d. 2000)
• 1921 – Git Gay, Swedish actress and singer (d. 2007)
• 1921 – Ernest Gold, Austrian composer (d. 1999)
• 1921 – Friedrich Peter, Austrian politician (d. 2005)
• 1922 – Ken Mosdell, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2006)
• 1922 – Anker Jψrgensen, Danish politician, 16th Prime Minister of Denmark
• 1922 – Leslie Brooks, American actress (d. 2011)
• 1924 – Carlo Bergonzi, Italian tenor
• 1924 – Michel Constantin, French film actor (d. 2003)
• 1924 – Johnny Gilbert, American game show announcer
• 1927 – Simone Veil, French politician
• 1928 – Tommaso Buscetta, Sicilian mafioso and pentito (d. 2000)
• 1928 – Bob Crane, American actor (d. 1978)
• 1928 – Leroy Vinnegar, American jazz bassist (d. 1999)
• 1929 – Sofia Muratova, Soviet gymnast (d. 2006)
• 1930 – Naomi Shemer, Israeli songwriter (d. 2004)
• 1931 – Frank Ramsey, American basketball player
• 1932 – Hubert Reeves, Canadian astrophysicist
• 1933 – Patsy Byrne, English actress
• 1934 – Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer, Nobel laureate
• 1934 – Aleksei Yeliseyev, Soviet cosmonaut
• 1934 – Gordon Lee, English footballer and manager
• 1935 – Jack Kemp, American football player and politician (d. 2009)
• 1935 – Kurt Westergaard, Danish cartoonist
• 1936 – Albert Ayler, American jazz saxophonist and singer (d. 1970)
• 1940 – Patrick Stewart, English actor
• 1941 – Robert Forster, American actor
• 1941 – Ehud Manor, Israeli songwriter, translator, and radio and TV personality (d. 2005)
• 1941 – Jacques Perrin, French actor and filmmaker
• 1942 – Harrison Ford, American actor
• 1942 – Roger McGuinn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Byrds)
• 1944 – Ernő Rubik, Hungarian inventor
• 1946 – Cheech Marin, American actor
• 1948 – Catherine Breillat, French director and screenwriter
• 1948 – Tony Kornheiser, American sports journalist
• 1948 – Daphne Maxwell Reid, American actress
• 1950 – George Nelson, American astronaut
• 1950 – Ma Ying-jeou, Taiwanese politician and statesman
• 1951 – Rob Bishop, American politician
• 1951 – Didi Conn, American actress
• 1953 – Mila Mulroney, Yugoslavian-born former First Lady of Canada
• 1954 – Sezen Aksu, Turkish singer
• 1954 – Rick Chartraw, American ice hockey player
• 1954 – Louise Mandrell, American country music singer
• 1954 – David Thompson, American basketball player
• 1956 – Claude Giroux, Canadian midget wrestler
• 1956 – Michael Spinks, American boxer
• 1956 – Frank Dux, American martial artist and fight choreographer
• 1957 – Thierry Boutsen, Belgian racing driver
• 1957 – Cameron Crowe, American film director
• 1957 – Jane Hamilton, American novelist
• 1957 – Phil Margera, American TV personality
• 1959 – Richard Leman, English field hockey player
• 1960 – Ian Hislop, British writer and editor
• 1960 – Robert Abraham, American football player
• 1961 – Stelios Manolas, Greek footballer and manager
• 1961 – Tim Watson, Australian rules footballer
• 1962 – Tom Kenny, American voice actor
• 1962 – Rhonda Vincent, American singer
• 1963 – Neal Foulds, English snooker player
• 1963 – Spud Webb, American basketball player
• 1965 – Lesli Kay, American actress
• 1966 – Gerald Levert, American R&B singer (d. 2006)
• 1966 – Natalia Luis-Bassa, Venezuelan conductor
• 1966 – Gil Birmingham, American actor
• 1967 – Benny Benassi, Italian disc jockey
• 1967 – Dean Barnett, American blogger (d. 2008)
• 1968 – Robert Gant, American actor
• 1968 – Christian Taylor, British screenwriter
• 1969 – Barney Greenway, British vocalist (Napalm Death)
• 1969 – Ken Jeong, American actor
• 1969 – Kakhi Kakhiashvili, Georgian-born Greek weightlifter
• 1969 – Oleg Serebrian, Moldovan politician and political scientist
• 1970 – Barry Pinches, English snooker player
• 1972 – Sean Waltman, American professional wrestler
• 1973 – Ariel Silvio Zαrate, Argentine footballer
• 1974 – Deborah Cox, Canadian R&B singer
• 1974 – Jarno Trulli, Italian race car driver
• 1975 – Danni Boatwright, American model, sportscaster, and reality show contestant
• 1975 – Mariada Pieridi, Greek pop singer
• 1976 – Al Santos, American model and actor
• 1976 – Sheldon Souray, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977 – Ashley Scott, American actress
• 1978 – Ryan Ludwick, American baseball player
• 1978 – Prodromos Nikolaidis, Greek basketball player
• 1979 – Craig Bellamy, Welsh footballer
• 1979 – Libuše Průšovα, Czech tennis player
• 1979 – Lucinda Ruh, Swiss figure skater
• 1981 – Αgnes Kovαcs, Hungarian swimmer
• 1981 – Mirco Lorenzetto, Italian cyclist
• 1981 – Ineta Radēviča, Latvian athlete
• 1982 – Christopher Bauman, American professional wrestler (d. 2005)
• 1982 – Joost van den Broek, Dutch keyboard player (After Forever)
• 1982 – Shin-Soo Choo, South Korean baseball player
• 1982 – Simon Clist, English footballer
• 1982 – Yadier Molina, Puerto Rican baseball player
• 1982 – Dominic Isaacs, South African footballer
• 1982 – Nick Kenny, Australian Rugby League player
• 1983 – Kristof Beyens, Belgian sprinter
• 1983 – Liu Xiang, Chinese hurdler
• 1983 – Marco Pomante, Italian footballer
• 1984 – Ida Maria, Norwegian singer
• 1985 – Guillermo Ochoa, Mexican footballer
• 1987 – Tulisa Contostavlos, British singer (N-Dubz)
• 1988 – Steven R. McQueen, American actor
• 1988 – Marcos Paulo, Brazilian footballer
• 1989 – Charalampos Giannopoulos, Greek basketball player
• 1989 – Sayumi Michishige, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
• 1990 – Matt Weinberg, American actor
• 1990 – Eduardo Salvio, Argentine footballer
• 1992 – Dylan Patton, American actor
• 1992 – Elise Matthysen, Belgian swimmer
• 1994 – Hayley Erin, American actress
• 1994 – Ridge Canipe, American actor
• 1997 – Leo Howard, American actor

[edit] Deaths

• 574 – Pope John III (birth year unknown)
• 678 – Aisha, wife of the Prophet Muhammad (birth year unknown)
• 939 – Pope Leo VII (birth year unknown)
• 1024 – Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 973)
• 1189 – Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony, English-born daughter of Henry II of England and wife of Henry the Lion Duke of Saxony and Bavaria (b. 1156)
• 1205 – Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury and Justicier of England (b. c. 1160)
• 1357 – Bartolus de Saxoferrato Italian jurist (b. 1313)
• 1399 – Peter Parler, German architect (b. 1330)
• 1402 – Jianwen Emperor of China (b. 1377)
• 1551 – John Wallop, English soldier and diplomat (b. 1490)
• 1621 – Archduke Albert of Austria, Governor of the Low Countries (b. 1559)
• 1626 – Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English statesman (b. 1563)
• 1628 – Robert Shirley, English adventurer (b. 1581)
• 1629 – Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Swedish physician and theologian (b. 1585)
• 1645 – Tsar Michael of Russia (b. 1596)
• 1683 – Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, English statesman (b. 1631)
• 1693 – Hendrik Trajectinus, Count of Solms, Dutch lieutenant-general (b. 1636)
• 1705 – Titus Oates, English Protestant conspirator (b. 1649)
• 1755 – Edward Braddock, British general (b. 1695)
• 1760 – Conrad Weiser, Pennsylvania's ambassador to the Native Americans (b. 1696)
• 1761 – Tokugawa Ieshige, Japanese shogun (b. 1712)
• 1762 – James Bradley, English Astronomer Royal (b. 1693)
• 1789 – Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist (b. 1715)
• 1793 – Jean-Paul Marat, French revolutionary (b. 1743)
• 1807 – Henry Benedict Stuart, Italy-born Jacobite claimant to the throne of England (b. 1725)
• 1882 – Johnny Ringo, American gunfighter (b. 1850)
• 1889 – Robert Hamerling, Austrian poet (b. 1830)
• 1890 – John C. Frιmont, American Army officer, explorer and presidential candidate (b. 1813)
• 1896 – Friedrich August Kekulι von Stradonitz, German chemist (b. 1829)
• 1921 – Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg scientist (b. 1845)
• 1922 – Martin Dies, Sr., American politician (b. 1870)
• 1945 – Alla Nazimova, Ukrainian-born actress, scriptwriter, and producer (b. 1879)
• 1946 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (b. 1864)
• 1951 – Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian composer (b. 1874)
• 1954 – Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter (b. 1907)
• 1955 – Ruth Ellis, British murderer, last woman to be executed in the United Kingdom (b. 1926)
• 1960 – Joy Gresham, American writer (b. 1915)
• 1965 – Photios Kontoglou, Greek writer, painter and iconographer (b. 1895)
• 1967 – Tom Simpson, British cyclist (b. 1937)
• 1967 – Tommy Lucchese, Sicilian-American mobster (b. 1899)
• 1973 – Willy Fritsch, German film actor (b. 1901)
• 1974 – Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, English physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1897)
• 1976 – Frederick Hawksworth, English GWR chief mechanical engineer (b. 1884)
• 1976 – Joachim Peiper, German military leader (SS) (b. 1915)
• 1979 – Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter and graphic artist (b. 1913)
• 1980 – Seretse Khama, Botswana statesman, the first President of Botswana (b. 1921)
• 1983 – Gabrielle Roy, Canadian author (b. 1909)
• 1993 – Davey Allison, American race car driver (b. 1961)
• 1995 – Godtfred Kirk Christiansen, Danish toy manufacturer (Lego Group) (b. 1920)
• 1996 – Pandro S. Berman, American film producer (b. 1905)
• 1997 – Miguel Αngel Blanco, Spanish politician (b. 1968)
• 1999 – Konstantinos Kollias, Greek Attorney General, Prime Minister of the military junta (b. 1901)
• 2002 – Yousuf Karsh, Turkish-born Armenian photographer (b. 1908)
• 2003 – Compay Segundo, Cuban trova guitarist and singer (b. 1907)
• 2004 – Arthur Kane, American bassist (New York Dolls) (b. 1949)
• 2004 – Carlos Kleiber, Austrian conductor (b. 1930)
• 2006 – Michael Busselle, English photographer and writer (b. 1935)
• 2006 – Red Buttons, American comedian (b. 1919)
• 2007 – Michael Reardon, American free climber (b. 1965)
• 2008 – Bronisław Geremek, Polish social historian and politician (b. 1932)
• 2010 – Manohari Singh, Indian saxophonist and part of R.D. Burman's band (b. 1931)
• 2010 – George Steinbrenner, American businessman and owner of the New York Yankees (b. 1930)
• 2011 – Allan Jeans, Australian football player and coach (b. 1933)

[edit] Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Abd-al-Masih
  • Abel of Tacla Haimonot (Coptic Church)
  • Clelia Barbieri
  • Eugenius of Carthage
  • Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
  • Mildthryth
  • Silas (Roman Catholic Church)
  • Teresa of the Andes
  • July 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Feast of Kalimαt, first day of the seventh month of the Bahα'ν calendar. (Bahα'ν Faith)
• Statehood Day (Montenegro)
• The last day of Naadam (Mongolia)