July 12 is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 172 days remaining until the end of the year.
[edit] Events
- 927 – Ćthelstan, King of England, secures a pledge from Constantine II of Scotland that the latter will not ally with Viking kings, beginning the process of unifying Great Britain.
- 1191 – Third Crusade: Saladin's garrison surrenders to Philip Augustus, ending the two-year siege of Acre.
- 1493 – Hartmann Schedel's Nuremberg Chronicle, one of the best-documented early printed books, is published.
- 1543 – King Henry VIII of England marries his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr, at Hampton Court Palace.
- 1561 – Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow is consecrated.
- 1562 – Fray Diego de Landa, acting Bishop of Yucatan, burns the sacred books of the Maya.
- 1580 – The Ostrog Bible, one of the early printed Bibles in a Slavic language, is published.
- 1690 – Battle of the Boyne (Julian calendar) – The armies of William III defeat those of the former James II.
- 1691 – Battle of Aughrim (Julian calendar) – The decisive victory of William III of England's forces in Ireland.
- 1789 – French revolutionary and radical journalist Camille Desmoulins gave a speech, following hearing the news that France's financial minister Jacques Necker has been dismissed. The speech called the citizens to arms, which lead to the falling of the Bastille two days later.
- 1790 – The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is passed in France by the National Constituent Assembly.
- 1799 – Ranjit Singh conquers Lahore and becomes Maharaja of The Punjab (Sikh Empire) .
- 1801 – French Revolutionary Wars: British Royal Navy ships inflict heavy damage against Spanish and French ships in the Second Battle of Algeciras.
- 1804 – Former United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton dies a day after being shot in a duel.
- 1806 – Sixteen German imperial states leave the Holy Roman Empire and form the Confederation of the Rhine.
- 1806 – Liechtenstein was given full sovereignty after its accession to the Confederation of the Rhine .
- 1812 – War of 1812: the United States invade Canada at Windsor, Ontario.
- 1843 – Joseph Smith, Jr., founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, received a revelation regarding polygamy.
- 1862 – The Medal of Honor is authorized by the United States Congress.
- 1879 – The National Guards Unit of Bulgaria is founded.
- 1913 – Second Balkan War: Serbian forces begin their siege of the Bulgarian city of Vidin; the siege is later called off when the war ends.
- 1917 – The Bisbee Deportation occurs as vigilantes kidnap and deport nearly 1,300 striking miners and others from Bisbee, Arizona.
- 1918 – The Japanese Imperial Navy battleship Kawachi blows up at Shunan, western Honshu, Japan, killing at least 621.
- 1920 – The Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty is signed. Soviet Russia recognises independent Lithuania.
- 1932 – Hedley Verity takes a cricket world record 10 wickets for 10 runs in a county match for Yorkshire
- 1943 – World War II: Battle of Prokhorovka – German and Soviet forces engage in the largest tank engagement of all time.
- 1948 – Arab–Israeli War: Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion orders the explusion of Palestinians from the towns of Lod and Ramla.
- 1960 – Orlyonok, the main Young Pioneer camp of the Russian SFSR, is founded.
- 1961 – Pune floods due to failure of the Khadakwasla and Panshet dams. Half of Pune is submerged, more than 100,000 families need to be relocated and the death tally exceeds 2,000.
- 1962 – The Rolling Stones perform their first ever concert, at the Marquee Club in London.
- 1967 – The Newark riots began in Newark, New Jersey.
- 1970 – A fire consumes the wooden home of Norwegian composer Geirr Tveitt and irretrievably destroys about 90 percent of his output.
- 1971 – The Australian Aboriginal flag is flown for the first time.
- 1973 – A fire destroys the entire 6th floor of the National Personnel Records Center of the United States.
- 1975 – Săo Tomé and Príncipe declare independence from Portugal.
- 1979 – The island nation of Kiribati becomes independent from Great Britain.
- 1979 – Disco Demolition Night at Comiskey Park Chicago, IL
- 2006 – The Hezbollah initiate Operation True Promise.
- 2007 – U.S. Army Apache helicopters perform airstrikes in Baghdad, Iraq; footage from the cockpit is later leaked to the Internet.
[edit] Births
- 1394 – Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (d. 1441)
- 1468 – Juan del Encina, Spanish Composer, poet and playwright
- 1596 – Tsar Michael I of Russia (d. 1645)
- 1675 – Evaristo Felice Dall'Abaco, Italian composer and violinist (d. 1742)
- 1730 – Josiah Wedgwood, English potter (d. 1795)
- 1803 – Peter Chanel, French priest and saint (d. 1841)
- 1807 – Thomas Hawksley, English civil engineer (d. 1893)
- 1813 – Claude Bernard, French physiologist (d. 1878)
- 1817 – Henry David Thoreau, American writer and philosopher (d. 1862)
- 1824 – Eugčne Boudin, French painter (d. 1898)
- 1828 – Nikolai Chernyshevsky, Russian philosopher (d. 1889)
- 1839 – Frederick Halsey, English Conservative Party politician (d. 1927)
- 1849 – Sir William Osler, Canadian physician and author (d. 1919)
- 1850 – Otto Schoetensack, German anthropologist (d. 1912)
- 1852 – Hipólito Yrigoyen, Argentinian politician, 19th and 21st President of Argentina (d. 1933)
- 1854 – George Eastman, American inventor (d. 1932)
- 1854 – Juan Gualberto Gómez, Afro-Cuban leader in the Cuban war of independence (d. 1933)
- 1861 – Anton Arensky, Russian composer, pianist and professor of music (d. 1906)
- 1863 – Albert Calmette, French physician (d. 1933)
- 1863 – Paul Drude, German physicist (d. 1906)
- 1864 – George Washington Carver, American botanist (d. 1943)
- 1868 – Stefan George, German poet (d. 1933)
- 1870 – Louis II, Prince of Monaco (d. 1949)
- 1872 – Emil Hácha, Czech politician (d. 1945)
- 1876 – Max Jacob, French poet (d. 1944)
- 1878 – Peeter Pőld, Estonian pedagogic scientist and politician (d. 1930)
- 1880 – Tod Browning, American film director (d. 1962)
- 1884 – Louis B. Mayer, Russian-born Canadian American film producer (d. 1957)
- 1884 – Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1920)
- 1886 – Jean Hersholt, Danish film director and actor (d. 1956)
- 1892 – Bruno Schulz, Polish writer and painter (d. 1942)
- 1895 – Kirsten Flagstad, Norwegian soprano (d. 1962)
- 1895 – Buckminster Fuller, American architect (d. 1983)
- 1895 – Oscar Hammerstein II, American lyricist (d. 1960)
- 1902 – Günther Anders, German philosopher (d. 1992)
- 1904 – Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet, Nobel laureate (d. 1973)
- 1906 – Pietro Tordi, Italian actor (d. 1990)
- 1908 – Milton Berle, American comedian (d. 2002)
- 1908 – Paul Runyan, American professional golfer (d. 2002)
- 1909 – Curly Joe DeRita, American actor and comedian (d.1993)
- 1909 – Herbert Zim, The founder and editor in chief of the Golden Guides (d.1994)
- 1909 – Fritz Leonhardt, German civil engineer (d. 1999)
- 1913 – Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2008)
- 1914 – Mohammad Moin, Iranian writer (d. 1971)
- 1917 – Andrew Wyeth, American artist (d. 2009)
- 1919 – George Weissman, American businessman (d. 2009)
- 1920 – Pierre Berton, Canadian journalist and writer (d. 2004)
- 1920 – Beah Richards, American actress (d. 2000)
- 1920 – Keith Andes, American actor (d. 2005)
- 1921 – Bob Fillion, French Canadian ice hockey player
- 1922 – Mark Hatfield, American politician (d. 2011)
- 1923 – René Favaloro, Argentine cardiac surgeon who created the technique for coronary bypass surgery (d. 2000)
- 1924 – Fedon Matheou, Greek retired basketball coach and player
- 1925 – Roger Smith, American automotive executive (d. 2007)
- 1927 – Conte Candoli, American jazz trumpeter, brother of Pete Candoli (d. 2001)
- 1928 – Elias James Corey, American chemist, Nobel laureate
- 1928 – Jo Myong-Rok, North Korean military official (d. 2010)
- 1930 – Gordon Pinsent, Canadian actor, director and writer
- 1930 – Alberto Lionello, Italian film actor
- 1932 – Otis Davis, American middle distance runner
- 1932 – Monte Hellman, American Film Director producer, and film editor.
- 1933 – Donald E. Westlake, American novelist (d. 2008)
- 1934 – Van Cliburn, American pianist
- 1937 – Bill Cosby, American comedian and actor
- 1937 – Lionel Jospin, French politician, 165th Prime Minister of France
- 1937 – Michel Louvain, French Canadian singer
- 1937 – Robert McFarlane, Security Advisor to President Ronald Reagan, from 1983 through 1985.
- 1937 – Mickey Edwards, Republican congressman
- 1938 – Ron Fairly, American baseball player
- 1938 – Wieger Mensonides, Dutch swimmer
- 1939 – Phillip Adams, Australian broadcaster and journalist
- 1941 – Benny Parsons, American NASCAR driver (d. 2007)
- 1941 – Joseph Whipp, American actor
- 1942 – Billy Smith, Australian rugby league player
- 1942 – Tam White, Scottish blues singer and actor (d. 2010)
- 1943 – Christine McVie, British singer, musician, and songwriter (Fleetwood Mac)
- 1943 – Walter Murch, American film editor
- 1943 – Paul Silas, American basketball player and head coach
- 1944 – Denise Nicholas, American actress and activist
- 1945 – Leopoldo Mastelloni, Italian actor
- 1946 – Robert Fisk, an English writer and journalist
- 1947 – Loren Coleman, American cryptozoologist and author
- 1947 – Gareth Edwards, Welsh rugby union player
- 1947 – Richard C. McCarty, American professor of psychology
- 1948 – Susan Blu, American voice actress
- 1948 – Ben Burtt, American sound designer
- 1948 – Walter Egan, American singer
- 1948 – Richard Simmons, American fitness trainer
- 1948 – Jay Thomas, American actor
- 1949 – Rick Hendrick, American NASCAR team owner
- 1950 – Eric Carr, American drummer (Kiss) (d. 1991)
- 1950 – Gilles Meloche, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1951 – Brian Grazer, American film producer
- 1951 – Cheryl Ladd, American actress
- 1951 – Piotr Pustelnik, Polish mountaineer
- 1951 – Sylvia Sass, Hungarian soprano
- 1951 – Jamey Sheridan, American actor
- 1952 – Voja Antonić, Serbian inventor and writer
- 1952 – Philip Taylor Kramer, American bassist (Iron Butterfly) (d. 1995)
- 1952 – Liz Mitchell, Jamaican singer (Boney M.)
- 1953 – John Ausonius, Swedish criminal (The Laser Man)
- 1954 – Eric Adams, American singer (Manowar)
- 1954 – Robert Carl, American composer
- 1954 – Wolfgang Dremmler, German footballer
- 1954 – Sulakshana Pandit, Indian Film Actress/ Playback Singer
- 1955 – Bambi Woods, American porn actress
- 1956 – Sandi Patty, American singer
- 1956 – Mario Soto, Dominican baseball player
- 1956 – Mel Harris, American actress.
- 1957 – Rick Douglas Husband, American astronaut (d. 2003)
- 1957 – Taso N. Stavrakis, American actor and stuntman
- 1958 – J. D. Hayworth, Congressman from Arizona
- 1958 – Tonya Lee Williams, Canadian actress
- 1959 – Charlie Murphy, American actor and writer
- 1959 – David Brown, Australian weatherman
- 1960 – Corynne Charby, French model, actress and singer
- 1961 – Heikko Glöde, German footballer
- 1962 – Julio César Chávez, Mexican boxer
- 1962 – Dan Murphy, American guitarist (Soul Asylum)
- 1962 – Dean Wilkins, English football manager
- 1964 – Tim Gane, English guitarist (Stereolab, McCarthy)
- 1964 – Gaby Roslin, English television presenter
- 1965 – Sanjay Manjrekar, Indian cricketer
- 1966 – Jeff Bucknum, American auto racer
- 1966 – Ana Torrent, Spanish film actress
- 1966 – Misato Watanabe, Japanese popular music
- 1966 – Taiji Sawada, Japanese bass guitarist (d. 2011)
- 1967 – Richard Herring, English comedian
- 1967 – John Petrucci, American guitarist (Dream Theater)
- 1967 – Bruny Surin, Canadian sprinter
- 1968 – Catherine Plewinski, French swimmer
- 1969 – Alan Mullally, England cricketer
- 1969 – Lisa Nicole Carson, American actress
- 1969 – Jesse Pintado, American guitarist (Napalm Death) (d. 2006)
- 1970 – Lee Byung-hun, South Korean actor
- 1970 – Juba Kalamka, American hip hop artist
- 1971 – Kristi Yamaguchi, American figure skater
- 1971 – Loni Love, American comedian
- 1972 – Travis Best, American basketball player
- 1972 – Brett Reed, American drummer (Rancid)
- 1972 – Jake Wood, English actor
- 1972 – Patrick Hill, American sculptor
- 1973 – Magoo, American rapper
- 1973 – Christian Vieri, Italian footballer
- 1974 – Sharon den Adel, Singer of Dutch band, Within Temptation
- 1974 – Stelios Giannakopoulos, Greek footballer
- 1974 – Gregory Helms, American professional wrestler
- 1975 – Cheyenne Jackson, American actor and singer
- 1976 – Dan Boyle, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1976 – Anna Friel, British actress
- 1976 – Tracie Spencer, American singer and songwriter
- 1977 – Neil Harris, English footballer
- 1977 – Steve Howey, American actor
- 1977 – Brock Lesnar, American mixed martial artist and professional wrestler
- 1978 – Claire Chitham, New Zealand actress
- 1978 – Topher Grace, American actor
- 1978 – Michelle Rodriguez, American actress
- 1979 – Nikos Barlos, Greek basketball player
- 1979 – Chris Campbell, American author
- 1980 – Johanna Klum, German TV presenter
- 1980 – Richard Bennett, American guitarist
- 1980 – Katherine Legge, English racing driver
- 1980 – Tom Price, British Actor
- 1981 – Adrienne Camp, South African singer and songwriter
- 1982 – Antonio Cassano, Italian footballer
- 1982 – Tara Kirk, American swimmer
- 1983 – Megumi Kawamura, Japanese volleyball player
- 1984 – Gareth Gates, English singer
- 1984 – Jonathan Lewis, American football player
- 1984 – Michael McGovern, Northern Irish footballer
- 1985 – Luiz Ejlli, Albanian singer
- 1985 – Natasha Poly, Russian model
- 1985 – Paulo Vitor Barreto, Brazilian footballer
- 1986 – JP Pietersen, South African rugby union footballer
- 1988 – Melissa O'Neil, Canadian singer
- 1988 – Inbee Park, South Korean golfer
- 1989 – Nick Palmieri, American ice hockey player
- 1989 – Phoebe Tonkin, Australian actress and model
- 1990 – Bébé, Portuguese footballer
- 1992 – Eoghan Quigg, Northern Irish singer
- 1996 – Jordan Romero, American mountaineer
[edit] Deaths
- 783 – Bertrada of Laon, Frankish wife of Pepin the Short (b. 720)
- 1441 – Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (b. 1394)
- 1536 – Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, Dutch writer and philosopher (b. 1466)
- 1584 – Steven Borough, English explorer (b. 1525)
- 1645 – Tsar Michael I of Russia (b. 1596)
- 1664 – Stefano della Bella, Italian printmaker (b. 1610)
- 1682 – Jean Picard, French astronomer (b. 1620)
- 1693 – John Ashby, English admiral (b. c. 1640)
- 1712 – Richard Cromwell, son of Oliver Cromwell (b. 1626)
- 1742 – Evaristo Felice Dall'Abaco, Italian composer (b. 1675)
- 1749 – Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois, Governor of New France (b. c. 1671)
- 1773 – Johann Joachim Quantz, German flutist and composer (b. 1697)
- 1804 – Alexander Hamilton, 1st United States Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1755)
- 1845 – Henrik Wergeland, Norwegian author (b. 1808)
- 1849 – Dolley Madison, 4th First Lady Of The United States (b. 1768)
- 1870 – John A. Dahlgren, American Navy admiral (b. 1809)
- 1892 – Alexander Cartwright, American fireman and inventor of baseball (b. 1820)
- 1910 – Charles Stewart Rolls, British engineer and aviator (b. 1887)
- 1918 – Dragutin Lerman, Croatian explorer (b. 1864)
- 1926 – Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist and spy (b. 1868)
- 1931 – Nathan Söderblom, Swedish archbishop, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1866)
- 1934 – Ole Evinrude, Norwegian-born American inventor and industrialist (b. 1877)
- 1935 – Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (b. 1859)
- 1944 – Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., American general, son of Theodore Roosevelt (b. 1887)
- 1945 – Wolfram von Richthofen, German field marshal (b. 1895)
- 1945 – Boris Galerkin, Russian mathematician (b. 1871)
- 1947 – Jimmie Lunceford, American saxophonist and bandleader (b. 1902)
- 1949 – Douglas Hyde, Irish politician (b. 1860)
- 1950 – Elsie de Wolfe, American socialite and interior decorator (b. 1865)
- 1961 – Mazo de la Roche, Canadian author (b. 1879)
- 1962 – Roger Wolfe Kahn, American band leader (b. 1907)
- 1965 – Christfried Burmeister, Estonian speed skater (b. 1898)
- 1966 – Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki, Japanese author and lecturer (b. 1870)
- 1969 – Henry George Lamond, Australian novelist (b. 1885)
- 1971 – Yvon Robert, French Canadian professional wrestler (b. 1914)
- 1973 – Lon Chaney, Jr., American actor (b. 1906)
- 1975 – James Ormsbee Chapin, American painter and illustrator (b. 1887)
- 1979 – Minnie Riperton, American soul singer (b. 1947)
- 1982 – Kenneth More, English actor (b. 1914)
- 1983 – Chris Wood, British saxophonist (Traffic) (b. 1944)
- 1990 – Joăo Saldanha, Brazilian journalist and football manager (b. 1917)
- 1993 – Dan Eldon, British photojournalist (b. 1970)
- 1994 – Paisios, Greek Orthodox monk (b. 1924)
- 1996 – John Chancellor, American television journalist (b. 1927)
- 1996 – Jonathan Melvoin, American keyboardist (The Smashing Pumpkins) (b. 1961)
- 1998 – Serge Lemoyne, French Canadian artist (b. 1941)
- 1998 – Jimmy Driftwood, American folk songwriter and musician (b. 1907)
- 1999 – Rajendra Kumar, Indian actor (b. 1929)
- 1999 – Bill Owen, British actor (b. 1914)
- 2000 – Charles Merritt, Canadian Army officer and recipient of the Victoria Cross (b. 1908)
- 2001 – Fred Marcellino, American illustrator (b. 1939)
- 2003 – Benny Carter, American musician (b. 1907)
- 2004 – Betty Oliphant, co-founder of National Ballet of Canada (b. 1918)
- 2005 – John King, Baron King of Wartnaby, British noble and aviation executive (b. 1917)
- 2006 – Adamantios Lemos, Greek actor (b. 1916)
- 2007 – Stan Zemanek, Australian radio personality (b. 1947)
- 2007 – Mr. Butch, American homeless person (b. 1951)
- 2007 – Robert Burĺs, Norwegian guitar player (b. 1975)
- 2008 – Tony Snow, American press secretary for George W. Bush (b. 1955)
- 2008 – Bobby Murcer, American baseball player (b. 1946)
- 2010 – Harvey Pekar, American comic book writer (b. 1939)
- 2010 – Paulo Moura, Brazilian clarinetist and saxophonist (b. 1932)
- 2010 – Pius Njawé, Cameroonian journalist (b. 1957)
- 2011 – Sherwood Schwartz, American television writer (b. 1916)
[edit] Holidays and observances