Texas crop, weather: Crop insurance adjusters have busy week
By Robert Burns, Texas A&M
May 21, 2009
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COLLEGE STATION – Conditions varied widely across Texas, with crops off to a good start in some areas thanks to rains.

As for other parts of the state, it was either too much, too little or too late, according to reports from Texas AgriLife Extension Service personnel.

In North Texas, too much rain threatened to drown out wheat and corn. In much of South Texas and Southwest, Southeast, Far West and Coastal Bend regions, many crops not under irrigation were not growing or declared a total loss by insurance adjusters.

The situation in Mitchell County, west of Abilene, is representative of much of Central Texas where insurance adjusters have been busy, said John Senter, AgriLife Extension agent.

"This current drought situation began, for all practical purposes, last fall as we began to wrap up cotton harvest," Senter said. "Typically, of the 25,000 to 30,000 acres of wheat we planted, most would be combined for grain. At this time there are virtually no fields that are going to be combined for grain because the yields are just not there."

A large portion of his producers did insure their wheat in order to be in compliance with federal farm program requirements, he said. A "vast" proportion of the county's insured wheat has been terminated or zeroed-out by insurance adjusters.

Much of the wheat has recently been released by the adjusters for grazing, he said.

In the north, it was a matter of too much rain. What wheat the April freeze didn't take, heavy rains knocked down or caused sprouting of the heads. Coastal Bend growers had a similar experience with drowned wheat.

The following summaries were compiled by AgriLife Extension district reporters:

CENTRAL: Corn and milo and other crops looked good thanks to optimum conditions and rain. The first cutting of hay was taken. Livestock were in good condition. Pecans were off to a good start.

COASTAL BEND: Crops were not growing in the southern portion of the region due to drought and heat stress. Crop insurance adjusters began to zero-out sorghum acres. Local auction barns saw large runs on cattle because of a lack of hay and standing forage in pastures. In the northern portion of the reporting area, heavy rains downed wheat, causing much of it to be shredded or baled for hay.

EAST: Scattered showers fell in parts of the region. Soil moisture levels remained sufficient, but some counties reported windy conditions had already begun to dry out soils. Warmer weather paired with the recent rainfall sped up growth of warm-weather forages. Many producers cut hay. Livestock were in good to excellent condition. Feral hogs continued to be a problem in many areas.

FAR WEST: Very sporadic rain showers fell, with about 1 inch of accumulation reported by AgriLife Extension in Howard County. The rest of the region was extremely dry. Pecan trees finished pollinating. Producers began the second cutting of alfalfa. Cotton was planted and it was mostly emerged. Fall-planted onions were bulbing.

NORTH: The region received heavy rains. Soil moisture ranged from adequate to surplus. Much of what wheat that was not damaged by the early April freezes was sprouting in the head or lying down from water and wind damage. Some wheat was molding, and corn had yellow patches. A lot of corn was standing in water and some may be lost if the fields do not drain well. The extended wet weather and saturated soils also hindered field activities such as side-dressing corn. Some producers still needed to plant milo and were waiting for fields to dry. Cotton planting was delayed. Producers were trying to get their first cutting of hay. However, soybeans, sorghum and rice were all in fair condition, and growing conditions for pastures and hay improved. Sweet potato growers began transplanting slips. Livestock were in good condition and gaining weight.

PANHANDLE: Some moisture was received across the region, but dry conditions continued in most counties. Producers were busy with field activities, fertilizing, spraying, planting and running water. The corn crop was off to a good start, with most fields being pre-watered before planting. Cotton was being planted, but emergence was slow because of cool soil temperatures. Forage and grain sorghums were also being planted. The recent moisture helped the winter wheat crop, but yields may be lowered by various disease and insect problems. Rust and barley yellow dwarf disease were showing up in some wheat fields. Pastures continued to green up. ROLLING PLAINS: Wheat that wasn't grazed out was baled. Sudan planting was in full swing. Rangeland and pastures were growing rapidly thanks to rain and warmer temperatures. Areas burned by the Easter wildfires were recovering. Most stock tanks were full, and cattle improved, but flies were becoming a problem.

SOUTH: Hot, windy and dry weather as well as very short soil moisture conditions continued. In the northern parts of the region, the wheat and oat harvest ended. Harvesting of potatoes and green beans continued. Most corn was tasseled, and sorghum continued to develop, but some browning was observed due to high temperatures. The majority of corn was planted and emerged, and early peanut crop planting began. Many producers met with crop adjusters in the eastern parts of the region. A few crops will be carried over but were not expected to be harvested. Insurance adjustments on sorghum were expected to come soon. Dryland cotton crops were zeroed-out. The cabbage harvesting was ongoing, and early planted wheat under irrigation was harvested. Watermelons and cantaloupes were setting fruit. Corn and cotton under irrigation progressed well with little insect pressure. In the southern parts of the region, the harvesting of spring onions, honeydew melons and watermelons continued. Cattle producers continued to cull herds because of worsening rangelands and pastures and the rising cost of hay.

SOUTH PLAINS: Weather was mixed, with cool, damp and foggy mornings followed by hot afternoons. Soil moisture was very short to short. Producers continued to plant corn, sunflowers, sorghum and peanuts. Cotton planting was in full swing with irrigation going on around the clock. Furrow-irrigated and dryland cotton fields had only marginal soil moisture. Wheat was in very poor to poor condition. Many producers chose to bale their wheat for hay due to freeze injury. Pastures and rangeland were in very poor to poor condition. Cattle were in good condition with supplemental feeding.

SOUTHEAST: High temperatures and winds dried out soils. Pastures were in good shape. Hay was being cut. Many rice farmers were not able to plant due to high soil salinity, a lingering result of the Hurricane Ike storm surge. Lack of fresh water for irrigation was also a factor in discouraging rice producers from planting.

SOUTHWEST: The region received 0.5-1 inches of rain, but the soil profile remained very dry. The continuing, extended drought was expected to limit agricultural production. The San Antonio Water System entered into Phase I water rationing. Forage was in short supply. Pastures, rangeland and dryland crops made limited progress. Ranchers continued to provide heavy supplemental nutrition to remaining livestock. Growers continued harvesting cabbage and onions. The potato harvest was expected to begin soon. Irrigated crops made excellent progress with the cool weather.

WEST CENTRAL: Warm, dry, windy conditions continued. A few AgriLife Extension county offices reported some rainfall, but most remained dry. Producers were planting cotton in fields they pre-watered by irrigation. Some cutting and baling of small grain fields was under way. Rangeland and pastures greened up from rain. Stock tank levels continued to drop.