October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 79 days remaining until the end of the year.
[edit] Events
- 54 Roman Emperor Claudius is poisoned to death under mysterious circumstances. His 17-year-old stepson Nero succeeds him to the Roman throne
- 409 Vandals and Alans cross the Pyrenees and appear in Hispania.
- 1307 Hundreds of Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into a "confession" of heresy.
- 1332 Rinchinbal Khan, Emperor Ningzong of Yuan becomes the Khagan of the Mongols and Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, reigning for only 53 days.
- 1582 Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
- 1644 A SwedishDutch fleet defeats the Danes and captures about 1,000 prisoners.
- 1710 Port Royal, the capital of French Acadia, falls in a siege by British forces.
- 1773 The Whirlpool Galaxy is discovered by Charles Messier.
- 1775 The United States Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (later renamed the United States Navy).
- 1792 In Washington, D.C., the cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion (known as the White House since 1818) is laid.
- 1812 War of 1812: Battle of Queenston Heights As part of the Niagara campaign in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock.
- 1843 In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found B'nai B'rith (the oldest Jewish service organization in the world).
- 1845 A majority of voters in the Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution, that if accepted by the U.S. Congress, will make Texas a U.S. state.
- 1881 Revival of the Hebrew language as Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and friends agree to use Hebrew exclusively in their conversations.
- 1884 Greenwich, in London, England, is established as Universal Time meridian of longitude.
- 1885 The Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) is founded in Atlanta, United States.
- 1892 Edward Emerson Barnard discovers D/1892 T1, the first comet discovered by photographic means, on the night of October 1314.
- 1911 Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, becomes the only Governor-General of Canada of royal descent.
- 1915 The Battle for the Hohenzollern Redoubt marks the end of the Battle of Loos in northern France, World War I.
- 1917 The "Miracle of the Sun" is witnessed by an estimated 70,000 people in the Cova da Iria in Fαtima, Portugal.
- 1918 Mehmed Talat Pasha and the Young Turk (C.U.P.) ministry resign and sign an armistice, ending Ottoman participation in World War I.
- 1921 The Soviet republics of Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia sign the Treaty of Kars with the Grand National Assembly of Turkey to establish the contemporary borders between Turkey and the South Caucasus states.
- 1923 Ankara replaces Istanbul as the capital of Turkey.
- 1943 World War II: The new government of Italy sides with the Allies and declares war on Germany.
- 1944 World War II: Riga, the capital of Latvia is occupied by the Red Army.
- 1946 France adopts the constitution of the Fourth Republic.
- 1958 Paddington Bear, a classic character from English children's literature, makes his debut.
- 1962 The Pacific Northwest experiences a cyclone the equal of a Cat 3 hurricane. Winds measured above 150 mph at several locations; 46 people died.
- 1967 The first game in the history of the American Basketball Association is played as the Anaheim Amigos lose to the Oakland Oaks 134-129 in Oakland, California.
- 1970 Fiji joins the United Nations.
- 1972 An Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-62 crashes outside Moscow killing 176.
- 1972 Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 crashes in the Andes mountains, near the border between Argentina and Chile. By December 23, 1972, only 16 out of 45 people lived long enough to be rescued.
- 1976 A Bolivian Boeing 707 cargo jet crashes in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, killing 100 (97, mostly children, killed on the ground).
- 1976 The first electron micrograph of an Ebola viral particle is obtained by Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, who was then working at the C.D.C.
- 1977 Four Palestinians hijack Lufthansa Flight 181 to Somalia and demand release of 11 members of the Red Army Faction.
- 1983 Ameritech Mobile Communications (now AT&T) launched the first US cellular network in Chicago, Illinois.
- 1990 End of the Lebanese Civil War. Syrian forces launch an attack on the free areas of Lebanon removing General Michel Aoun from the presidential palace.
- 1992 An Antonov An-124 operated by Antonov Airlines registered SSSR-82002, crashes near Kiev, Ukraine killing 8.
- 2010 The 2010 Copiapσ mining accident in Copiapσ, Chile comes to an end as all 33 miners arrive at the surface after surviving a record 69 days underground awaiting rescue.
[edit] Births
- 1162 Leonora of England, Queen of Castile (d. 1214)
- 1244 Jaques de Molay, Grand Master of the Knights Templar (d. 1314)
- 1453 Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales (d. 1471)
- 1474 Mariotto Albertinelli, Italian painter (d. 1515)
- 1566 Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (d. 1643)
- 1613 Luisa of Medina-Sidonia, queen of Portugal (d. 1666)
- 1696 John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey, English statesman and writer (d. 1743)
- 1713 Allan Ramsay, Scottish painter (d. 1784)
- 1714 Pieter Burmann the Younger, Dutch philologist (d. 1778)
- 1756 James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier, Royal Navy admiral of the fleet (d. 1833)
- 1768 Jacques Fιlix Emmanuel Hamelin, French explorer (d. 1839)
- 1820 John William Dawson, Canadian geologist (d. 1899)
- 1821 Rudolf Virchow, German physician, pathologist, biologist, and politician (d. 1902)
- 1844 Ernest Myers, English poet, Classicist and author (d. 1921)
- 1853 Lillie Langtry, British actress (d. 1929)
- 1862 Mary Kingsley, English writer and explorer (d. 1900)
- 1870 Albert Jay Nock, American author (d. 1945)
- 1874 Jσzsef Klekl, Slovene politician in Hungary (d. 1948)
- 1876 Rube Waddell, American baseball player (d. 1914)
- 1878 Patrick Joseph Hartigan, Australian Roman Catholic priest (d. 1952)
- 1879 Edward Hennig, American gymnast (d. 1960)
- 1880 Sasha Cherny, Russian poet (d. 1932)
- 1883 William Dickey, American diver (d. 1950)
- 1887 Jozef Tiso, Slovak politician (d. 1947)
- 1890 Conrad Richter, American novelist and short story writer (d. 1968)
- 1891 Irene Rich, American actress (d. 1988)
- 1895 Mike Gazella, American baseball player (d. 1978)
- 1896 E. Beatrice Riley, Australian supercentenarian (d. 2009)
- 1900 Gerald Marks, American songwriter (d. 1997)
- 1902 Arna Wendell Bontemps, American writer (d. 1973)
- 1904 Wilfred Pickles, English actor and broadcaster (d. 1978)
- 1905 Coloman Braun-Bogdan, Romanian football player and manager (d. 1983)
- 1905 Yves Allιgret, French film director (d. 1987)
- 1909 Art Tatum, American jazz pianist (d. 1956)
- 1909 Herbert "Herblock" Block, American cartoonist (d. 2001)
- 1911 Ashok Kumar, Indian actor (d. 2001)
- 1913 Igor Torkar, Slovenian writer (d. 2004)
- 1915 Sir Terry Frost, English artist (d. 2003)
- 1915 Cornel Wilde, American actor (d. 1989)
- 1917 George Osmond, American patriach of The Osmonds (d. 2007)
- 1917 Burr Tillstrom, American puppeteer (d. 1985)
- 1918 Robert Walker, American actor (d. 1951)
- 1920 Laraine Day, American actress (d. 2007)
- 1921 Yves Montand, Italian singer and actor (d. 1991)
- 1923 Cyril Shaps, English actor (d. 2003)
- 1923 Faas Wilkes, Dutch footballer (d. 2006)
- 1924 Moturu Udayam, Indian woman's activist (d. 2002)
- 1924 Terry Gibbs, American jazz vibraphonist and band leader
- 1925 Lenny Bruce, American comedian (d. 1966)
- 1925 Margaret Thatcher, English politician
- 1925 Gustav Winckler, Danish singer (d. 1979)
- 1926 Ray Brown, American jazz bassist (d. 2002)
- 1926 Walter Kowalski (wrestler), Polish-Canadian professional wrestler (d. 2008)
- 1927 Lee Konitz, American jazz saxophonist
- 1929 Walasse Ting, Chinese-American painter (d. 2010)
- 1930 Bruce Geller, American screenwriter and television producer (d. 1978)
- 1931 Eddie Mathews, American baseball player (d. 2001)
- 1931 Raymond Kopa, French footballer
- 1932 Jack Colvin, American actor (d. 2005)
- 1932 Johnny Lytle, jazz vibraphonist and drummer (d. 1995)
- 1933 Raynald Frechette, Canadian politician and jurist (d. 2007)
- 1933 Queen Narriman, Egyptian royalty (d. 2005)
- 1933 Thomas Bingham, English jurist
- 1934 Nana Mouskouri, Greek singer and politician
- 1935 Etterlene DeBarge, gospel singer, songwriter, matriarch of the DeBarge family
- 1936 Chitti Babu, classical musician, Veena artiste from India
- 1937 Sami Frey, French actor
- 1938 Hugo Young, English journalist (d. 2003)
- 1939 T. J. Cloutier, American poker player
- 1939 Melinda Dillon, American actress
- 1940 Pharoah Sanders, American saxophonist
- 1941 Paul Simon, American singer and musician (Simon & Garfunkel)
- 1942 Jerry Jones, American football team owner
- 1942 Rutanya Alda, American actress
- 1942 Pamela Tiffin, American film actress
- 1942 Bob Bailey, American baseball player
- 1942 Walter McGowan, Scottish boxer
- 1943 Mike Barnicle, American newspaper columnist
- 1944 Robert Lamm, American musician (Chicago)
- 1945 Christophe, French singer
- 1945 Dιsi Bouterse, Surinamese politician
- 1945 Susan Stafford, American hostess
- 1946 Demond Wilson, American actor
- 1946 Edwina Currie, British politician
- 1947 Sammy Hagar, American singer (Van Halen)
- 1947 Jerry Trupiano, American sports broadcaster
- 1947 Alan Wakeman, English saxophonist (Soft Machine)
- 1948 John Ford Coley, American musician
- 1948 Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Pakistani musician and singer (d. 1997)
- 1948 Lacy J. Dalton, country singer
- 1949 Tom Mees, American sports broadcaster (d. 1996)
- 1949 Patrick Nθve, Belgian racing driver
- 1949 Marisol Malaret, beauty pageant contestant
- 1949 Rick Vito, American guitarist and singer
- 1949 Leona Mitchell, African-American and Chickasaw operatic soprano
- 1950 Mollie Katzen, American cookbook author
- 1950 Simon Nicol, British guitarist, singer and multi-instrumentalist, member of Fairport Convention
- 1952 Beverly Johnson, American supermodel
- 1952 John Lone, Hong Kong actor
- 1953 Pat Day, American jockey
- 1954 George Frazier, American baseball player
- 1954 Claude Ribbe, French historian
- 1954 Mordechai Vanunu, Israeli nuclear technician
- 1954 Frank Dunn, American artist
- 1955 John Ferenzik, American musician, keyboardist, guitarist and composer
- 1956 Chris Carter, American television producer
- 1956 Joseph Toal, Scottish religious figure
- 1957 Reggie Theus, American basketball player and head coach
- 1958 Maria Cantwell, American politician, junior senator of Washington
- 1958 Derri Daugherty, American record producer, songwriter, guitarist and singer (The Choir, Lost Dogs)
- 1958 Jair-Rohm Parker Wells, American musician and composer
- 1959 Marie Osmond, American entertainer
- 1960 Joey Belladonna, American musician (Anthrax)
- 1960 Tim Brewster, American football coach
- 1960 Ari Fleischer, American White House press secretary to George W. Bush
- 1960 Peter Keisler, American attorney
- 1961 Doc Rivers, American basketball player and coach
- 1962 T'Keyah Crystal Keymαh, American actress
- 1962 Kelly Preston, American actress
- 1962 Jerry Rice, American football player
- 1963 Colin Channer, Jamaican writer
- 1963 Chip Foose, American automotive designer and fabricator
- 1963 Scott Andrew Mink, American convicted murderer (d. 2004)
- 1964 Allen Covert, American actor
- 1964 Niθ Hǎishθng, Chinese astronaut
- 1964 Christopher Judge, American actor
- 1964 Marco Travaglio, Italian journalist
- 1965 Johan Museeuw, Belgian cyclist
- 1967 Scott Cooper, American baseball player
- 1967 Trevor Hoffman, American baseball player
- 1967 Steve Vickers, English footballer
- 1967 Kate Walsh, American actress
- 1967 Javier Sotomayor, Cuban athlete
- 1968 Tisha Campbell-Martin, American actress and singer
- 1968 Carlos Marin, Spanish baritone (Il Divo)
- 1969 Rhett Akins, American country singer
- 1969 Nancy Kerrigan, American figure skater
- 1969 Cady McClain, American actress
- 1970 Serena Altschul, American reporter
- 1970 Mel Jackson, American actor and musician
- 1970 Rob Howley, Welsh rugby player
- 1970 Paul Potts, British opera singer
- 1971 Hitesh Modi, Kenyan cricketer
- 1971 Sacha Baron Cohen, English comedian
- 1971 Billy Bush, American TV host
- 1971 Pyrros Dimas, Greek weightlifter
- 1971 Luis Tosar, Spanish actor
- 1972 Summer Sanders, American swimmer and sports broadcaster
- 1973 Brian Dawkins, American football player
- 1973 Peter Dumbreck, Scottish racing driver
- 1973 Matt Hughes, American mixed martial artist
- 1973 Nanako Matsushima, Japanese actress
- 1974 Hawick Lau, Chinese actor and singer
- 1977 Gareth Batty, English cricketer
- 1977 Benjamin Clapp, American drummer (Baptized By Fire, Skeleton Key, and Amfibian)
- 1977 Antonio Di Natale, Italian football player
- 1977 Justin Peroff, drummer for the Canadian indie rock collective Broken Social Scene
- 1977 Paul Pierce, American basketball player
- 1977 Kiele Sanchez, American actress
- 1978 Jermaine O'Neal, American basketball player
- 1979 Wes Brown, English footballer
- 1979 Mamadou Niang, Senegalese footballer
- 1980 Ashanti, American singer
- 1980 David Haye, English boxer
- 1980 Magne Hoseth, Norwegian footballer
- 1980 Scott Parker, English footballer
- 1981 Ryan Ashford, English footballer
- 1981 Taylor Buchholz, American baseball player
- 1981 Dimitris Mougios, Greek rower
- 1981 Kele Okereke, English singer (Bloc Party)
- 1982 Ian Thorpe, Australian swimmer
- 1982 Antonio Pavanello, Italian rugby player
- 1984 Coldmirror, the German web- and video-artist Kathrin Fricke
- 1984 Misono, Japanese singer (Day After Tomorrow)
- 1984 Frank Simek, American footballer
- 1986 Gabriel Agbonlahor, English footballer
- 1986 Sergio Pιrez, Mexican footballer
- 1987 Ashley Newbrough, American actress
- 1988 Scott Jamieson, Australian footballer
- 1988 Enrique Pιrez, Mexican footballer
- 1989 Breno Borges, Brazilian footballer
- 1992 Aaron Dismuke, American voice actor
[edit] Deaths
- 54 Claudius, Roman Emperor (b. 10 BC)
- 1093 Robert I, Count of Flanders
- 1282 Nichiren Daishonin Japanese spiritual figure (b. 1222)
- 1415 Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, English military officer (b. 1381)
- 1508 Edmund de Ros, 11th Baron de Ros, English politician (b. 1446)
- 1605 Theodore Beza, French theologian (b. 1519)
- 1673 Kristoffer Gabel, Danish statesman (b. 1617)
- 1687 Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (b. 1633)
- 1694 Samuel von Pufendorf, German jurist (b. 1632)
- 1706 Iyasus I of Ethiopia (b. 1682)
- 1715 Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (b. 1638)
- 1759 John Henley, English minister (b. 1692)
- 1788 Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent, Irish politician and poet (b. 1702)
- 1812 Sir Isaac Brock, British general (b. 1769)
- 1815 Joachim Murat, French marshal (b. 1767)
- 1822 Antonio Canova, Venetian sculptor (b. 1757)
- 1825 Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (b. 1756)
- 1841 Patrick Campbell, British naval officer (b. 1773)
- 1869 Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)
- 1882 Arthur de Gobineau, French philosopher (b. 1816)
- 1890 Samuel Freeman Miller, American jurist (b. 1816)
- 1904 Pavlos Melas, Greek military officer (b. 1870)
- 1905 Sir Henry Irving, the first British actor to be knighted (b. 1838)
- 1909 Francesc Ferrer i Guΰrdia, Spanish free-thinker (b. 1849)
- 1911 Sister Nivedita, Scots-Irish social worker, author, teacher and disciple of Swami Vivekananda (b. 1867)
- 1917 Florence La Badie, American actress (b. 1888)
- 1919 Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1857)
- 1926 Hans E. Kinck, Norwegian author and philologist (b. 1865)
- 1931 Ernst Didring, Swedish author (b. 1868)
- 1938 E.C. Segar, American cartoonist (Popeye) (b. 1894)
- 1945 Milton S. Hershey, American chocolate tycoon (b. 1857)
- 1946 Ole Sζther, Norwegian rifle shooter (b. 1870)
- 1950 Ernest Haycox, American writer (b. 1899)
- 1955 Manuel Αvila Camacho, Mexican politician (b. 1897)
- 1961 Louis Rwagasore, Burundi politician (b. 1932)
- 1966 Clifton Webb, American actor (b. 1889)
- 1968 Bea Benaderet, American actress (b. 1906)
- 1971 Stafford Smythe, Canadian NHL executive (b. 1921)
- 1973 Albert Mandler, Israeli colonel, (b.1929)
- 1974 Ed Sullivan, American television personality (b. 1901)
- 1979 Rebecca Helferich Clarke, English composer and violist (b. 1886)
- 1981 Antonio Berni, Argentine painter, illustrator and engraver (b. 1905)
- 1987 Walter Brattain, American physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1902)
- 1987 Kishore Kumar, Indian singer (b. 1929)
- 1988 Mike Venezia, American jockey (b. 1945)
- 1990 Lκ Πức Thọ, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1911)
- 1992 Dantrell Davis, American gang shooting victim (b. 1985)
- 1993 Wade Flemons, American soul singer (b. 1940)
- 1996 Beryl Reid, British actress (b. 1919)
- 1998 Dmitry Filippov, Russian - Soviet statesman, politician, industrialist (b.1944)
- 2000 Jean Peters, American actress (b. 1926)
- 2001 Peter Doyle, Australian pop singer (The New Seekers) (b. 1949)
- 2002 Stephen Ambrose, American historian and biographer (b. 1936)
- 2003 Bertram Brockhouse, Canadian physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1918)
- 2004 Enrique Fernando, Filipino jurist (b. 1915)
- 2005 Vivian Malone Jones, American civil rights activist (b. 1942)
- 2006 Wang Guangmei, wife of Liu Shaoqi (b. 1921)
- 2007 Bob Denard, French mercenary (b. 1929)
- 2008 Alexei Cherepanov, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1989)
- 2008 Guillaume Depardieu, French actor (b. 1971)
- 2009 Stephen Barnett, American legal scholar (b. 1935)
- 2009 Grietje Jansen-Anker, Dutch super-centenarian (b. 1897)
- 2009 Al Martino, American singer and actor (b. 1927)
- 2010 Vernon Biever, American photographer (b. 1923)
- 2011 Barbara Kent, Canadian-born American silent film actress and WAMPAS Baby Stars (b. 1907)
[edit] Holidays and observances