October 9

October 9 is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 83 days remaining until the end of the year.

[edit] Events

• 768 – Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks.
• 1238 – James I of Aragon conquers Valencia and founds the Kingdom of Valencia.
• 1264 – The Kingdom of Castile conquers the city of Jerez that was under Muslim occupation since 711.
• 1446 – The hangul alphabet is published in Korea.
• 1514 – Marriage of Louis XII of France and Mary Tudor.
• 1558 – Mιrida is founded in Venezuela.
• 1582 – Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
• 1595 – The Spanish army captures Cambrai.
• 1604 – Supernova 1604, the most recent supernova to be observed in the Milky Way.
• 1635 – Founder of Rhode Island Roger Williams is banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a religious dissident after he speaks out against punishments for religious offenses and giving away Native American land.
• 1701 – The Collegiate School of Connecticut (later renamed Yale University) is chartered in Old Saybrook, Connecticut.
• 1708 – Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya.
• 1740 – Dutch colonists and various slave groups begin massacring ethnic Chinese in Batavia, eventually killing 10,000 and leading to a two-year-long war throughout Java.
• 1760 – Seven Years' War: Russian forces occupy Berlin.
• 1771 – The Dutch merchant ship Vrouw Maria sinks near the coast of Finland.
• 1776 – Father Francisco Palou founds Mission San Francisco de Asis in what is now San Francisco, California.
• 1799 – Sinking of HMS Lutine, with the loss of 240 men and a cargo worth £1,200,000.
• 1804 – Hobart, capital of Tasmania, is founded.
• 1806 – Prussia declares war on France.
• 1812 – War of 1812: In a naval engagement on Lake Erie, American forces capture two British ships: HMS Detroit and HMS Caledonia.
• 1820 – Guayaquil declares independence from Spain.
• 1824 – Slavery is abolished in Costa Rica.
• 1831 – Capo d'Istria, the first head of state of independent Greece is assassinated.
• 1834 – Opening of the Dublin and Kingstown Railway, the first public railway on the island of Ireland.
• 1845 – The eminent and controversial Anglican, John Henry Newman, is received into the Roman Catholic Church.
• 1854 – Crimean War: The siege of Sebastopol begins.
• 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Santa Rosa Island – Union troops repel a Confederate attempt to capture Fort Pickens.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Tom's Brook – Union cavalrymen in the Shenandoah Valley defeat Confederate forces at Tom's Brook, Virginia.
• 1873 – A meeting at the U.S. Naval Academy establishes the U.S. Naval Institute.
• 1874 – General Postal Union is created as a result of the Treaty of Berne.
• 1888 – The Washington Monument officially opens to the general public.
• 1907 – Las Cruces, New Mexico is incorporated.
• 1911 – An accidental bomb explosion in Hankou, Wuhan, China leads to the ultimate fall of the Qing Empire
• 1913 – Steamship SS Volturno catches fire in the mid-Atlantic.
• 1914 – World War I: Siege of Antwerp – Antwerp, Belgium falls to German troops.
• 1919 – Black Sox scandal: The Cincinnati Reds win the World Series.
• 1934 – Regicide at Marseille: The assassination of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and Louis Barthou, Foreign Minister of France.
• 1936 – Generators at Boulder Dam (later renamed to Hoover Dam) begin to generate electricity from the Colorado River and transmit it 266 miles to Los Angeles, California.
• 1940 – World War II: Battle of Britain – During a night-time air raid by the German Luftwaffe, St. Paul's Cathedral in the City of London, England is hit by a bomb.
• 1941 – A coup in Panama declares Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango the new president.
• 1942 – Statute of Westminster 1931 formalises Australian autonomy.
• 1942 – The last day of the October Matanikau action on Guadalcanal as United States Marine Corps forces withdraw back across the Matanikau River after destroying most of the Imperial Japanese Army's 4th Infantry Regiment.
• 1945 – Parade in NYC for Fleet Admiral Nimitz and 13 USN/USMC Medal of Honor recipients
• 1950 – Goyang Geumjeong Cave Massacre started.
• 1962 – Uganda becomes an independent Commonwealth realm.
• 1963 – In northeast Italy, over 2,000 people are killed when a large landslide behind the Vajont Dam causes a giant wave of water to overtop it.
• 1966 – Vietnam War: Binh Tai massacre
• 1966 – Vietnam War: Dien Nien-Phuoc Binh massacre
• 1967 – A day after being captured, Marxist revolutionary Ernesto "Che" Guevara is executed for attempting to incite a revolution in Bolivia.
• 1969 – In Chicago, the United States National Guard is called in for crowd control as demonstrations continue in connection with the trial of the "Chicago Eight" that began on September 24.
• 1970 – The Khmer Republic is proclaimed in Cambodia.
• 1981 – Abolition of capital punishment in France.
• 1983 – Rangoon bombing: attempted assassination of South Korean President Chun Doo-hwan during an official visit to Rangoon, Burma. Chun survives but the blast kills 17 of his entourage, including four cabinet ministers, and injures 17 others. Four Burmese officials also die in the blast.
• 1986 – The musical The Phantom of the Opera has its first performance at Her Majesty's Theatre in London.
• 1989 – An official news agency in the Soviet Union reports the landing of a UFO in Voronezh.
• 1991 – Ecuador becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
• 1992 – A 13 kilogram (est.) fragment of the Peekskill meteorite lands in the driveway of the Knapp residence in Peekskill, New York, destroying the family's 1980 Chevrolet Malibu
• 1995 – An Amtrak Sunset Limited train is derailed by saboteurs near Palo Verde, Arizona.
• 1999 – The last flight of the SR-71.
• 2001 – Second mailing of anthrax letters from Trenton, New Jersey in the 2001 anthrax attack.
• 2003 – Mission: SPACE opens to the public in the Epcot park at Walt Disney World. The opening ceremony included several astronauts from all eras of space exploration.
• 2006 – North Korea allegedly tests its first nuclear device.
• 2009 – First lunar impact of the Centaur and LCROSS spacecrafts as part of NASA's Lunar Precursor Robotic Program.

[edit] Births

• 1201 – Robert de Sorbon, French theologian and founder of the Sorbonne (d. 1274)
• 1221 – Salimbene di Adam, Italian chronicler (d. c. 1290)
• 1261 – King Dinis of Portugal (d. 1325)
• 1328 – King Peter I of Cyprus (d. 1369)
• 1581 – Claude Gaspard Bachet de Mιziriac, French mathematician (d. 1638)
• 1586 – Archduke Leopold V of Austria (d. 1632)
• 1704 – Johann Andreas Segner, German mathematician, physicist, and physician (d. 1777)
• 1757 – King Charles X of France (d. 1836)
• 1796 – Joseph Bonomi the Younger, English Egyptologist (d. 1878)
• 1835 – Camille Saint-Saλns, French composer (d. 1921)
• 1837 – Francis Wayland Parker, American progressive educational theorist (d. 1902)
• 1840 – Simeon Solomon, British artist (d. 1905)
• 1852 – Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1919)
• 1855 – Paul Wiesner, German sailor (d. 1930)
• 1859 – Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (d. 1935)
• 1871 – Georges Gauthier, French-Canadian Catholic bishop (d. 1940)
• 1871 – Didak Buntić, Croatian monk and scholar (d. 1922)
• 1873 – Karl Schwarzschild, German physicist and astronomer (d. 1916)
• 1873 – Charles Walgreen, American entrepreneur (d. 1939)
• 1873 – Carl Flesch, Hungarian violinist (d. 1944)
• 1874 – Nicholas Roerich, Russian painter (d. 1947)
• 1879 – Max von Laue, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)
• 1886 – Rube Marquard, American baseball player (d. 1980)
• 1888 – Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin, Russian politician (d. 1938)
• 1888 – Irving Cummings, American actor and film director (d. 1959)
• 1890 – Aimee Semple McPherson, American evangelist (d. 1944)
• 1892 – Ivo Andrić, Yugoslav writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)
• 1892 – Marina Tsvetaeva, Russian poet (d. 1941)
• 1893 – Mαrio de Andrade, Brazilian writer and photographer (d. 1945)
• 1900 – Joseph Friedman, American inventor (d. 1982)
• 1900 – Alastair Sim, Scottish actor (d. 1976)
• 1902 – Freddie Young, British cinematographer (d. 1998)
• 1903 – Walter O'Malley, American baseball executive (d. 1979)
• 1906 – Lιopold Sιdar Senghor, Senegalese poet and politician (d. 2001)
• 1906 – J. R. Eyerman, American photographer and photojournalist (d. 1985)
• 1907 – Quintin Hogg, British politician (d. 2001)
• 1907 – Jacques Tati, French filmmaker (d. 1982)
• 1907 – Horst Wessel, German Nazi and songwriter (d. 1930)
• 1908 – Harry Hooton, Australian poet (d. 1961)
• 1908 – Werner von Haeften, German officer and Hitler assassination conspirator (d. 1944)
• 1908 – Lee Wiley, American jazz singer (d. 1975)
• 1909 – Donald Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 2000)
• 1911 – Joe Rosenthal, American photographer (d. 2006)
• 1914 – Edward Andrews, American actor (d. 1985)
• 1915 – Clifford M. Hardin, 17th United States Secretary of Agriculture (d. 2010)
• 1918 – E. Howard Hunt, American Watergate figure (d. 2007)
• 1918 – Lila Kedrova, Russian actress (d. 2000)
• 1919 – Belva Plain, American novelist (d. 2010)
• 1920 – Jens Bjψrneboe, Norwegian author (d. 1976)
• 1920 – Yusef Lateef, American jazz multi-instrumentalist, composer, and educator
• 1921 – Michel Boisrond, French film director (d. 2002)
• 1922 – Lιon Dion, Quebec political scientist (d. 1997)
• 1922 – Fyvush Finkel, American actor
• 1923 – Donald Sinden, English actor
• 1925 – Johnny Stompanato, American organized crime figure (d. 1958)
• 1926 – Daniθle Delorme, French actress
• 1928 – Einojuhani Rautavaara, Finnish composer
• 1931 – Tony Booth, British actor
• 1931 – Homer Smith, American football coach (d. 2011)
• 1933 – Peter Mansfield, British physicist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate
• 1933 – Judy Tyler, American actress (d. 1957)
• 1934 – Jill Ker Conway, Australian-born American author
• 1934 – Abdullah Ibrahim, South African pianist and composer
• 1935 – Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, member of the British Royal Family
• 1937 – Brian Blessed, English actor
• 1938 – Heinz Fischer, Austrian politician
• 1939 – O. V. Wright, American soul singer (d. 1980)
• 1940 – Gordon Humphrey, American politician
• 1940 – John Lennon, British musician and songwriter (The Beatles) (d. 1980)
• 1940 – Joe Pepitone, American baseball player
• 1941 – Trent Lott, American politician
• 1941 – Brian Lamb, American television executive
• 1941 – Chucho Valdιs, Cuban musician
• 1941 – Karam ud Din, Pakistani Navy officer (d. 2008)
• 1943 – Mike Peters, American cartoonist
• 1943 – Douglas Kirby, American teenage behavior researcher
• 1943 – Jimmy Montgomery, English footballer
• 1944 – John Entwistle, British musician (The Who) (d. 2002)
• 1944 – Nona Hendryx, American singer (Labelle)
• 1945 – Taiguara, Brazilian musician (d. 1996)
• 1946 – Tansu Ηiller, Prime Minister of Turkey
• 1947 – France Gall, French singer
• 1947 – William E. McAnulty, Jr., American lawyer (d. 2007)
• 1947 – Tony Zappone, American broadcaster and journalist
• 1948 – Jackson Browne, American musician
• 1948 – Dave Samuels, American vibraphonist
• 1950 – Jody Williams, American teacher and aid worker, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• 1950 – Brian Downing, American baseball player
• 1950 – Reichi Nakaido, Japanese rock guitarist
• 1952 – Sharon Osbourne, English music manager and wife of Ozzy Osbourne
• 1953 – Tony Shalhoub, American actor
• 1954 – Scott Bakula, American actor
• 1954 – James Fearnley, English musician (The Pogues)
• 1954 – Anne-Marie Goumba, African politician
• 1954 – John O'Hurley, American actor and game show host
• 1955 – Linwood Boomer, Canadian writer
• 1957 – Don Garber, American sports commissioner
• 1957 – Ini Kamoze, Jamaican reggae singer
• 1958 – Michael Pare, American actor
• 1958 – Al Jourgensen, American musician (Ministry)
• 1958 – Mike Singletary, American football player
• 1959 – Michael Cobley, English-born Scottish writer
• 1960 – Kenny Garrett, American jazz saxophonist
• 1960 – Maddie Blaustein, American actress (d. 2008)
• 1961 – Julian Bailey, British racing driver
• 1961 – Gyula Hajszαn, Hungarian footballer
• 1962 – Jorge Burruchaga, Argentinian footballer
• 1962 – Ōnokuni Yasushi, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 62nd Yokozuna
• 1964 – Guillermo del Toro, Mexican film director
• 1964 – John Ralston, Canadian actor
• 1965 – Jimbo Fisher, American college football coach
• 1966 – Christopher Φstlund, Swedish publisher and entrepreneur
• 1966 – David Cameron, British Prime Minister
• 1967 – Carling Bassett-Seguso, Canadian tennis player
• 1967 – Eddie Guerrero, American professional wrestler (d. 2005)
• 1968 – Troy Anthony Davis, American high-profile death row inmate and human rights activist (d. 2011)
• 1969 – P.J. Harvey, English musician
• 1969 – Christine Hough, Canadian figure skater
• 1969 – Giles Martin, British record producer
• 1970 – Kenny Anderson, American basketball player
• 1970 – Steve Jablonsky, American music composer
• 1970 – Jason Butler Harner, American actor
• 1970 – Park Sang-min, South Korean actor
• 1970 – Savannah, American pornographic actress (d. 1994)
• 1970 – Annika Sφrenstam, Swedish golfer
• 1971 – Simon Atlee, British photographer (d. 2004)
• 1971 – Jason Jones, American filmmaker
• 1971 – Michael Manna, American professional wrestler
• 1972 – Sarah Vandenbergh, Australian actor
• 1972 – Audie England, American actress
• 1973 – Terry Balsamo, American guitarist (Evanescence)
• 1973 – Steven Burns, American actor and musician
• 1973 – Erin Daniels, American actress
• 1973 – Fabio Lione, Italian musician (Rhapsody)
• 1973 – Carlos Pavσn, Honduran footballer
• 1974 – Shmuel Herzfeld, American Rabbi
• 1974 – Kieren Hutchison, New Zealand actor
• 1975 – Sean Lennon, American musician
• 1975 – Rale Micic, Serbian musician
• 1975 – Mark Viduka, Australian footballer
• 1976 – Nick Swardson, American actor
• 1976 – Lee Peacock, Scottish footballer
• 1976 – Sam Riegel, American voice actor, writer and director
• 1977 – Brian Roberts, American baseball player
• 1977 – Emanuele Belardi, Italian footballer
• 1977 – Yaki Kadafi, American Rapper (Outlawz) (d. 1996)
• 1978 – Nicky Byrne, Irish musician (Westlife)
• 1978 – Juan Dixon, American basketball player
• 1978 – Rossa, Indonesian singer
• 1979 – Alex Greenwald, American musician (Phantom Planet)
• 1979 – Chris O'Dowd, Irish actor and former Gaelic footballer
• 1979 – Todd Kelly, Australian racing driver
• 1979 – Brandon Routh, American actor
• 1979 – Gonzalo Sorondo, Uruguayan footballer
• 1980 – Ibrahim Fazeel, Maldivian footballer
• 1980 – Henrik Zetterberg, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1981 – Zachery Ty Bryan, American actor
• 1981 – Darius Miles, American basketball player
• 1982 – Antσnio Mendonηa, Angolan footballer
• 1982 – Shi Jun, Chinese footballer
• 1983 – Stephen Gionta, American ice hockey player
• 1983 – Spencer Grammer, American actress
• 1983 – Jang Mi-Ran, South Korean weightlifter
• 1983 – Andreas Zuber, Austrian racing driver
• 1984 – Ghetto, British musician
• 1984 – Djamel Mesbah, Algerian footballer
• 1986 – Derek Holland, American baseball player (pitcher)
• 1986 – Laure Manaudou, French swimmer
• 1987 – Bill Walker, American basketball player
• 1992 – Tyler James Williams, American actor
• 1993 – Lauren Davis, American tennis player
• 1993 – Sarah Lahbati, Filipina television actress
• 1993 – Jhoana Marie Tan, Filipina television actress
• 1993 – Scotty McCreery, American singer
• 1994 – Jodelle Ferland, Canadian actress

[edit] Deaths

• 1047 – Pope Clement II (b. 1005)
• 1253 – Robert Grosseteste, English statesman and bishop
• 1273 – Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Germany
• 1390 – King John I of Castile (b. 1358)
• 1555 – Justus Jonas, German Protestant reformer (b. 1493)
• 1562 – Gabriele Falloppio, Italian anatomist and early advocate for the use of condoms. (b. 1523)
• 1569 – Vladimir of Staritsa, Russian prince (b. 1533)
• 1581 – Saint Louis Bertrand, Spanish Dominican and missionary (b. 1526)
• 1597 – Ashikaga Yoshiaki, Japanese shogun (b. 1537)
• 1691 – William Sacheverell, English statesman (b. 1638)
• 1709 – Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, English mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1640)
• 1729 – Richard Blackmore, English physician and writer (b. 1654)
• 1793 – Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, French missionary (b. 1718)
• 1797 – Vilna Gaon, Lithuanian rabbi (b. 1720)
• 1806 – Benjamin Banneker, American astronomer (b. 1731)
• 1808 – John Claiborne, U.S. politician (b. 1777)
• 1831 – Ioannis Kapodistrias, Governor of Greece (b. 1776)
• 1873 – George Ormerod, English historian and antiquarian (b. 1785)
• 1897 – Jan Heemskerk, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1818)
• 1900 – Heinrich von Herzogenberg, Austrian composer and conductor (b. 1843)
• 1924 – Valery Bryusov, Russian writer and critic (b. 1873)
• 1934 – King Alexander I of Yugoslavia (assassinated) (b. 1888)
• 1934 – Louis Barthou, Prime Minister of France (assassinated) (b. 1862)
• 1937 – Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1868)
• 1940 – Wilfred Grenfell, English medical missionary to Newfoundland and Labrador (b. 1865).
• 1941 – Helen Morgan, American singer and actress (b. 1900)
• 1943 – Pieter Zeeman, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865)
• 1946 – Frank Castleman, American sportsman (b. 1877)
• 1950 – George Hainsworth, National Hockey League goaltender (b. 1895)
• 1953 – Jimmy Finlayson, Scottish-American actor (b. 1887)
• 1955 – Theodor Innitzer, Austrian cardinal (b. 1875)
• 1956 – Marie Doro, American actress (b. 1882)
• 1958 – Pope Pius XII Eugenio Pacelli, (b. 1876)
• 1959 – Shirō Ishii, Japanese military microbiologist, head of Unit 731 (b. 1892)
• 1962 – Milan Vidmar, Slovenian electrical engineer and chess player (b. 1885)
• 1967 – Ernesto 'Che' Guevara, Argentine revolutionary and guerrilla leader (executed) (b. 1928)
• 1967 – Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
• 1967 – Andrι Maurois, French author (b. 1885)
• 1968 – Pierre Mulele, Congolese revolutionary (b. 1929)
• 1972 – Miriam Hopkins, American actress (b. 1902)
• 1974 – Oskar Schindler, Sudeten German businessman (b. 1908)
• 1976 – Walter Warlimont, German General WWII (b. 1894)
• 1978 – Jacques Brel, Belgian singer and actor (b. 1929)
• 1985 – Emνlio Garrastazu Mιdici, president of Brazil (b. 1905)
• 1987 – Guru Gopinath, Indian classical dancer (b. 1908)
• 1987 – Clare Boothe Luce, American diplomat (b. 1903)
• 1987 – William Parry Murphy, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1892)
• 1988 – Felix Wankel German inventor of the Wankel engine (b. 1902)
• 1989 – Penny Lernoux, American journalist and author (b. 1940)
• 1995 – Alec Douglas-Home, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1903)
• 1996 – Walter Kerr, American theater critic (b. 1913)
• 1999 – Milt Jackson, American jazz vibraphonist (b. 1923)
• 1999 – Akhtar Hameed Khan, pioneer of Microcredit in developing countries (b. 1914)
• 2000 – David Dukes, American actor (b. 1945)
• 2000 – Patrick Anthony Porteous, Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross (b. 1918)
• 2001 – Dagmar, American television personality (b. 1921)
• 2001 – Herbert Ross, American film director and producer (b. 1927)
• 2002 – Sopubek Begaliev, Soviet-era economist and politician (b. 1931)
• 2002 – Charles Guggenheim, American film director/producer (b. 1924)
• 2002 – Aileen Wuornos, American serial killer sentenced to death (b. 1956)
• 2004 – Jacques Derrida, French philosopher (b. 1930)
• 2005 – Louis Nye, American comedian and actor (b. 1913)
• 2005 – Stella Stratigou, Greek actress (b. 1931)
• 2006 – Paul Hunter, English professional snooker player (b. 1978)
• 2006 – Raymond Noorda, American co-founder and long time CEO of Novell (b. 1924)
• 2007 – Enrico Banducci, American nightclub owner (b. 1922)
• 2008 – Gidget Gein, American musician (b. 1969)
• 2009 – Stuart Kaminsky, American author (b. 1934)
• 2011 – Pavel Karelin, Russian skijumper (b. 1989)

[edit] Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Denis
  • Dionysius the Areopagite
  • Ghislain
  • John Henry Newman
  • John Leonardi

• • October 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Hangul Day (South Korea)
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Uganda from United Kingdom in 1962.
• Independence of Guayaquil from Spain in 1820 (Guayaquil)
• Leif Erikson Day (United States, Iceland and Norway)
• National Day of Commemorating the Holocaust (Romania)
• Takayama Autumn Festival (Takayama)
• World Post Day (International)