September 3

September 3 is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 119 days remaining until the end of the year.

[edit] Events

• 36 BC – In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius, son of Pompey, thus ending Pompeian resistance to the Second Triumvirate.
• 301 – San Marino, one of the smallest nations in the world and the world's oldest republic still in existence, is founded by Saint Marinus.
• 590 – Consecration of Pope Gregory I (Gregory the Great).
• 863 – Major Byzantine victory at the Battle of Lalakaon against an Arab raid.
• 1189 – Richard I of England (a.k.a. Richard "the Lionheart") is crowned at Westminster.
• 1260 – The Mamluks defeat the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in Palestine, marking their first decisive defeat and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire.
• 1650 – Third English Civil War: in the Battle of Dunbar, English Parliamentarian forces led by Oliver Cromwell defeat an army loyal to King Charles II of England and led by David Leslie, Lord Newark.
• 1651 – Third English Civil War: Battle of Worcester – Charles II of England is defeated in the last main battle of the war.
• 1658 – Richard Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England
• 1666 – The Royal Exchange burns down in the Great Fire of London
• 1777 – American Revolutionary War: during the Battle of Cooch's Bridge, the Flag of the United States is flown in battle for the first time.
• 1783 – American Revolutionary War: the war ends with the signing of the Treaty of Paris by the United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain.
• 1798 – The week long battle of St. George's Caye begins between Spain and Britain off the coast of Belize.
• 1802 – William Wordsworth composes the sonnet Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802.
• 1803 – English scientist John Dalton begins using symbols to represent the atoms of different elements.
• 1812 – 24 settlers are killed in the Pigeon Roost Massacre in Indiana.
• 1838 – Future abolitionist Frederick Douglass escapes from slavery.
• 1855 – American Indian Wars: in Nebraska, 700 soldiers under United States General William S. Harney avenge the Grattan Massacre by attacking a Sioux village and killing 100 men, women and children.
• 1861 – American Civil War: Confederate General Leonidas Polk invades neutral Kentucky, prompting the state legislature to ask for Union assistance.
• 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: the Siege of Metz begins, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory on October 23.
• 1874 – The congress of the state of Mιxico elevates Naucalpan to the category of Villa, with the title of "Villa de Juαrez".
• 1875 – The first official game of Polo is played in Argentina after being introduced by British Ranchers.
• 1878 – Over 640 die when the crowded pleasure boat Princess Alice collides with the Bywell Castle in the River Thames.
• 1914 – William, Prince of Albania leaves the country after just six months due to opposition to his rule.
• 1925 – USS Shenandoah (ZR-1), the United States' first American-built rigid airship, was destroyed in a squall line over Noble County, Ohio. Fourteen of her 42-man crew perished, including her commander, Zachary Lansdowne.
• 1933 – Yevgeniy Abalakov is the first man to reach the highest point in the Soviet Union, Communism Peak (now called Ismoil Somoni Peak and situated in Tajikistan) (7495 m).
• 1935 – Sir Malcolm Campbell reaches a speed of 304.331 miles per hour on the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah, becoming the first person to drive an automobile over 300 mph
• 1939 – World War II: France, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia declare war on Germany after the invasion of Poland, forming the Allies.
• 1939 – World War II: The United Kingdom and France begin a naval blockade of Germany that lasts until the end of the war. This also marks the beginning of the Battle of the Atlantic.
• 1941 – The Holocaust: Karl Fritzsch, deputy camp commandant of the Auschwitz concentration camp, experiments with the use of Zyklon B in the gassing of Soviet POWs.
• 1942 – World War II: In response to news of its coming liquidation, Dov Lopatyn leads an uprising in the Ghetto of Lakhva, in present-day Belarus.
• 1943 – World War II: The Allied invasion of Italy begins.
• 1944 – Holocaust: diarist Anne Frank and her family are placed on the last transport train from the Westerbork transit camp to the Auschwitz concentration camp, arriving three days later.
• 1945 – Three-day celebration was held in China, following the Victory over Japan Day on September 2.
• 1950 – "Nino" Farina becomes the first Formula One Drivers' champion after winning the 1950 Italian Grand Prix.
• 1951 – The first long-running American television soap opera, Search for Tomorrow, airs its first episode on the CBS network.
• 1954 – The People's Liberation Army begins shelling the Republic of China-controlled islands of Quemoy, starting the First Taiwan Strait Crisis.
• 1954 – The German U-Boat U-505 begins its move from a specially constructed dock to its final site at Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry.
• 1967 – Dagen H in Sweden: traffic changes from driving on the left to driving on the right overnight.
• 1971 – Qatar becomes an independent state
• 1976 – Viking program: The American Viking 2 spacecraft lands at Utopia Planitia on Mars.
• 1987 – In a coup d'ιtat in Burundi, President Jean-Baptiste Bagaza is deposed by Major Pierre Buyoya.
• 1994 – Sino-Soviet Split: Russia and the People's Republic of China agree to de-target their nuclear weapons against each other.
• 1997 – Vietnam Airlines Flight 815 (Tupolev TU-134) crashes on approach into Phnom Penh airport, killing 64.
• 1999 – An 87-automobile pile-up happens on Highway 401 freeway just East of Windsor, Ontario, Canada after an unusually thick fog from Lake St. Clair.
• 2001 – In Belfast, Protestant loyalists begin a picket of Holy Cross, a Catholic primary school for girls. For the next 11 weeks, riot police escort the schoolchildren and their parents through hundreds of protesters, some of whom hurl missiles and abuse. The protest sparks fierce rioting and grabs world headlines.
• 2004 – Beslan school hostage crisis – day 3: the Beslan hostage crisis ends with the deaths of over 300 people, more than half of which are children.

[edit] Births

• 1034 – Emperor Go-Sanjō of Japan (d. 1073)
• 1499 – Diane de Poitiers, French noblewoman and mistress of King Henry II of France (d. 1566)
• 1568 – Adriano Banchieri, Italian composer (d. 1634)
• 1675 – Paul Dudley, Attorney-General of Massachusetts (d. 1751)
• 1693 – Charles Radclyffe, British politician (d. 1746)
• 1695 – Pietro Locatelli, Italian composer (d. 1764)
• 1710 – Abraham Trembley, Swiss naturalist (d. 1784)
• 1724 – Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester, British soldier and Governor of Quebec (d. 1808)
• 1760 – James 'Pearlie' Wilson, Scottish revolutionary (d. 1820)
• 1781 – Eugθne de Beauharnais, French nobleman, son of Josιphine de Beauharnais and adoptive son of Napoleon Bonaparte (d. 1824)
• 1810 – Paul Kane, Canadian painter (d. 1871)
• 1811 – John Humphrey Noyes, American political and religious figure (d. 1886)
• 1820 – George Hearst, American businessman, father of William Randolph Hearst (d. 1891)
• 1841 – Tom Emmett, England cricketer (d. 1904)
• 1849 – Sarah Orne Jewett, American writer (d. 1909)
• 1851 – Olga Konstantinovna of Russia, Queen of Greece (d. 1926)
• 1854 – Charles Tatham, American fencer (d. 1939)
• 1856 – Louis Sullivan, American architect (d. 1924)
• 1856 – Robert Stewart, South African cricketer (d. 1913)
• 1869 – Fritz Pregl, Slovenian chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1930)
• 1875 – Ferdinand Porsche, Austrian automotive engineer (d. 1951)
• 1880 – George Bretz, Canadian lacrosse player (death date unknown)
• 1880 – Gwynne Evans, American freestyle swimmer and water polo player (d. 1965)
• 1882 – Johnny Douglas, England cricketer and boxer (d. 1930)
• 1887 – Frank Christian, American trumpeter (d. 1973)
• 1887 – Manfred Toeppen, American water polo player (d. 1968)
• 1897 – Sally Benson, American writer (d. 1972)
• 1899 – Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australian biologist, Nobel laureate (d. 1985)
• 1900 – Maurice Dobb, British economist (d. 1976)
• 1900 – Urho Kekkonen, Finnish politician (d. 1986)
• 1900 – Percy Chapman, England cricketer (d. 1961)
• 1901 – Eduard van Beinum, Dutch conductor (d. 1959)
• 1905 – Carl David Anderson, American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1991)
• 1905 – John Mills, New Zealand cricketer (d. 1972)
• 1907 – Loren Eiseley, American anthropologist (d. 1977)
• 1908 – Lev Semenovich Pontryagin, Russian mathematician (d. 1988)
• 1910 – Kitty Carlisle, American actress and television personality (d. 2007)
• 1910 – Maurice Papon, French Nazi collaborator (d. 2007)
• 1911 – Bernard Mammes, American cyclist (d. 2000)
• 1913 – Alan Ladd, American actor (d. 1964)
• 1914 – Dixy Lee Ray, American politician (d. 1994)
• 1914 – Memphis Slim, American pianist (d. 1988)
• 1915 – Knut Nystedt, Norvegian orchestral and choral composer
• 1916 – Eddie Stanky, American baseball player (d. 1999)
• 1918 – Helen Wagner, American actress (d. 2010)
• 1920 – Les Medley, English footballer (d. 2001)
• 1921 – Marguerite Higgins, American reporter and war correspondent, Pulitzer Prize winner (d. 1966)
• 1921 – Thurston Dart, English harpsichordist and conductor (d. 1971)
• 1923 – Glen Bell, American businessman, founded Taco Bell (d. 2010)
• 1923 – Mort Walker, American cartoonist
• 1925 – Bengt Lindstrφm, Swedish artist (d. 2008)
• 1925 – Shoista Mullojonova, Tajikistani Shashmakom singer (d. 2010)
• 1925 – Hank Thompson, American singer (d. 2007)
• 1926 – Anne Jackson, American actress
• 1926 – Alison Lurie, American novelist
• 1926 – Irene Papas, Greek actress
• 1926 – Uttam Kumar, Indian Bengali actor(d. 1980)
• 1928 – Gaston Thorn, Luxembourg politician, 8th Prime Minister of Luxembourg and 7th President of the European Commission (d. 2007)
• 1929 – James J. Bulger, American mobster
• 1929 – Carlo Clerici, Swiss cyclist (d. 2007)
• 1929 – Armand Vaillancourt, Canadian sculptor and painter
• 1930 – Cherry Wilder, New Zealand science fiction and fantasy writer (d. 2002)
• 1931 – Albert DeSalvo, American serial killer (d. 1973)
• 1931 – Dick Motta, American basketball coach
• 1931 – Guy Spitaels, Belgian politician, 7th Minister-President of the Walloon Region (d. 2012)
• 1932 – Eileen Brennan, American actress
• 1933 – Tompall Glaser, American singer
• 1933 – Basil Butcher, West Indian cricketer
• 1934 – Freddie King, American blues guitarist and singer (d. 1976)
• 1935 – Helmut Clasen, Canadian offroad racer
• 1936 – Pilar Pallete, Peruvian actress and third wife of American movie star John Wayne
• 1936 – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia
• 1938 – Caryl Churchill, English playwright
• 1938 – Ryōji Noyori, Japanese chemist, Nobel laureate
• 1940 – Eduardo Galeano, Uruguayan journalist
• 1940 – Pauline Collins, English actress
• 1941 – Sergei Dovlatov, Russian writer (d. 1990)
• 1942 – Al Jardine, American guitarist (The Beach Boys)
• 1942 – John Shrapnel, English actor
• 1943 – Valerie Perrine, American actress
• 1943 – Frank Lister, English footballer
• 1945 – George Biondo, bass guitarist and songwriter (Steppenwolf)
• 1947 – Eric Bell, Irish guitarist (Thin Lizzy)
• 1947 – Kjell Magne Bondevik, Norwegian politician
• 1948 – Fotis Kouvelis, Greek lawyer and politician
• 1948 – Levy Mwanawasa, President of Zambia (d. 2008)
• 1948 – Don Brewer, drummer and singer with Grand Funk Railroad
• 1949 – Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria, Cypriot-born 129th Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa (d. 2004)
• 1949 – Josι Pekerman, Argentine football manager
• 1950 – Doug Pinnick, American bassist and singer (King's X)
• 1951 – Denys Hobson, South African cricketer
• 1952 – Şehrazat, leading Turkish lyricist and composer
• 1953 – Jean-Pierre Jeunet, French film director
• 1955 – Steve Jones, English guitarist (Sex Pistols)
• 1956 – Pat McGeown, Northern Irish Provisional Irish Republican Army member (d. 1996)
• 1957 – Garth Ancier, American television executive
• 1957 – Earl Cureton, American basketball player
• 1957 – Steve Schirripa, American actor
• 1959 – Merritt Butrick, American actor (d. 1989)
• 1962 – Costas Mandylor, Australian actor
• 1963 – Mubarak Ghanim, United Arab Emirates footballer
• 1963 – Malcolm Gladwell, Canadian journalist and author
• 1963 – Amber Lynn, American porn star
• 1964 – Adam Curry, American Internet entrepreneur and MTV VJ
• 1964 – Spike Feresten, American television writer
• 1964 – Thomas Mikal Ford, American actor
• 1964 – Junaid Jamshed, Pakistani singer
• 1964 – Holt McCallany, American actor
• 1964 – Nigel Rhodes, English actor
• 1965 – Charlie Sheen, American actor
• 1966 – Vladimir Ryzhkov, Russian politician
• 1967 – Chris Gatling, American basketball player
• 1969 – Noah Baumbach, American film director
• 1969 – John Fugelsang, American actor
• 1969 – Marianna Komlos, Canadian bodybuilder, fitness model, professional wrestler and valet (d. 2004)
• 1970 – Jeremy Glick, American United Airlines Flight 93 passenger (d. 2001)
• 1970 – George Lynch, American basketball player
• 1970 – Gareth Southgate, English footballer
• 1971 – Kiran Desai, Indian writer
• 1971 – Chabeli Iglesias, Spanish journalist
• 1971 – Trevor St. John, American actor
• 1972 – Christine Boudrias, Canadian short track speed skater
• 1972 – Natalia Estrada, Spanish model and actress
• 1972 – Martin Straka, Czech ice hockey player
• 1973 – Norihiko Hibino, Japanese composer
• 1973 – Jennifer Paige, American singer-songwriter
• 1973 – Damon Stoudamire, American basketball player
• 1973 – Zita Urbonaitė, Lithuanian road cyclist (d. 2008)
• 1974 – Clare Kramer, American actress
• 1974 – Rahul Sanghvi, Indian cricketer
• 1975 – Cristobal Huet, French ice hockey player
• 1975 – Daniel Chan, Hong Kong Celebrity
• 1976 – Ashley Jones, American actress
• 1976 – Jevon Kearse, American football player
• 1976 – Vivek Oberoi, Indian actor
• 1977 – Rui Marques, Angolan footballer
• 1977 – Olof Mellberg, Swedish footballer
• 1977 – Nate Robertson, American baseball player
• 1978 – John Curtis, English footballer
• 1978 – Paul Moor, English ten-pin bowler
• 1978 – Michal Rozsival, Czech ice hockey player
• 1978 – Nick Wechsler, American actor
• 1978 – Valfar, Norwegian vocalist (Windir) (d. 2004)
• 1979 – Tomo Miličević, Bosnian-born American guitarist (30 Seconds to Mars)
• 1979 – Tiffany Chapman, English actress
• 1979 – Jϊlio Cιsar Soares Espνndola, Brazilian footballer
• 1980 – The B.G., American rapper
• 1980 – Daniel Ruben Bilos, Argentinian footballer
• 1980 – Jason McCaslin ("Cone"), Canadian bassist (Sum 41)
• 1980 – Jennie Finch, American softball player
• 1981 – Fearne Cotton, British television presenter
• 1982 – Andrew McMahon, American singer and songwriter
• 1982 – Kaori Natori, Japanese singer and model
• 1982 – Sarah Burke, Canadian freestyle skier (d. 2012)
• 1982 – Tiago Rannow, Brazilian footballer
• 1983 – Augusto Farfus, Brazilian racing driver
• 1983 – Nicky Hunt, English footballer
• 1983 – Marcus McCauley, American football player
• 1983 – Valdas Vasylius, Lithuanian basketball player
• 1983 – Christine Woods, American actress
• 1984 – Garrett Hedlund, American actor
• 1984 – Seo In-Young, South Korean singer
• 1985 – Scott Carson, English footballer
• 1985 – Yūki Kaji, Japanese voice actor
• 1985 – Kelvin Wilson, English footballer
• 1986 – Shaun White, American snowboarder and skateboarder
• 1987 – Chris Fountain, English actor
• 1987 – Modibo Maοga, Malian footballer
• 1987 – James Neal, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1988 – Jιrτme Boateng, Ghanaian-German footballer
• 1993 – Rina Koike, Japanese junior idol

[edit] Deaths

• 264 – Sun Xiu, third emperor of Eastern Wu
• 863 – Umar al-Aqta, Emir of Melitene (birth year unknown)
• 1402 – Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Duke of Milan (b. 1351)
• 1420 – Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, regent of Scotland (b. c. 1340)
• 1592 – Robert Greene, English author (b. 1558)
• 1634 – Edward Coke, English jurist and Member of Parliament (b. 1552)
• 1653 – Claudius Salmasius, French classical scholar (b. 1588)
• 1658 – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England (b. 1599)
• 1662 – William Lenthall, English politician (b. 1591)
• 1720 – Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway, French soldier and diplomat (b. 1648)
• 1722 – Ivan Skoropadsky, Hetman of the Ukrainian Cossacks (b. 1646)
• 1729 – Jean Hardouin, French scholar (b. 1646)
• 1766 – Archibald Bower, Scottish historian (b. 1686)
• 1808 – John Montgomery, American Continental congressman (b. 1722)
• 1857 – John McLoughlin, Canadian trapper (b. 1784)
• 1860 – Aleksey Khomyakov, Russian poet (b. 1804)
• 1866 – Konstantin Flavitsky, Russian painter (b. 1830)
• 1883 – Ivan Turgenev, Russian novelist and playwright (b. 1818)
• 1886 – William W. Snow, American politician (b. 1812)
• 1893 – James Harrison, Scottish-born Australian newspaper printer, journalist, politician and pioneer in the field of mechanical refrigeration (b. 1816)
• 1903 – Joseph Skipsey, British poet (b. 1832)
• 1906 – Mihαly Kolossa, Hungarian Slovene writer (b. 1846)
• 1914 – Albιric Magnard, French composer (b. 1865)
• 1929 – John Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey, British jurist and politician (b. 1840)
• 1936 – Nikita Balieff, Armenian vaudevillian and impresario (b. 1876 or 1877)
• 1948 – Edvard Beneš, 2nd President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1884)
• 1954 – Marika Kotopouli, Greek actress (b. 1887)
• 1961 – Robert E. Gross, American businessman (b. 1897)
• 1962 – E. E. Cummings, American poet (b. 1894)
• 1963 – Louis MacNeice, Irish poet (b. 1907)
• 1964 – Stewart Holbrook, American writer (b. 1893)
• 1967 – James Dunn, American actor (b. 1905)
• 1967 – Francis Ouimet, American golfer and businessman(b.1893)
• 1968 – Isabel Withers, American actress (b. 1896)
• 1969 – John Lester, American cricketer (b. 1871)
• 1970 – Vince Lombardi, American football coach (b. 1913)
• 1970 – Alan "Blind Owl" Wilson, American singer and gutarist (Canned Heat) (b. 1943)
• 1974 – Harry Partch, American composer (b. 1901)
• 1978 – Karin Molander, Swedish actress (b. 1889)
• 1980 – Dirch Passer, Danish actor (b. 1926)
• 1980 – Duncan Renaldo, American actor (b. 1904)
• 1981 – Alec Waugh, English writer (b. 1898)
• 1983 – Ellie Lambeti, Greek actress (b. 1926)
• 1985 – Johnny Marks, American singer (b. 1909)
• 1986 – Beryl Markham, Kenyan horse trainer, adventurer, aviatrix and memoir writer (b. 1902)
• 1987 – Morton Feldman, American composer (b. 1926)
• 1989 – Gaetano Scirea, Italian footballer (b. 1953)
• 1991 – Frank Capra, American film director (b. 1897)
• 1994 – James T. Aubrey, American television executive (b. 1918)
• 1994 – Major Lance, American singer (b. 1939)
• 1994 – Billy Wright, English footballer (b. 1924)
• 1996 – Emily Kngwarreye, Australian painter (b. 1910)
• 2000 – Edward Anhalt, American screenwriter (b. 1914)
• 2001 – Pauline Kael, American film critic (b. 1919)
• 2001 – Thuy Trang, Vietnamese-born American actress (b. 1973)
• 2002 – Kenneth Hare, Canadian climatologist and academic (b. 1919)
• 2002 – W. Clement Stone, American entrepreneur (b. 1902)
• 2003 – Paul Jennings Hill, American anti-abortion murderer (b. 1954)
• 2005 – R. S. R. Fitter, British ornithologist and botanist (b. 1913)
• 2005 – William Rehnquist, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1924)
• 2007 – Carter Albrecht, American keyboardist and guitarist (Edie Brickell & New Bohemians) (b. 1973)
• 2007 – Syd Jackson, New Zealand Māori activist and trade unionist (b. 1939)
• 2007 – Steve Ryan, American actor (b. 1947)
• 2007 – Jane Tomlinson, British charity fund raiser (b. 1964)
• 2008 – Donald Blakeslee, American World War II aviator (b. 1917)
• 2010 – Noah Howard, American jazz musician (b. 1943)
• 2010 – Robert Schimmel, American stand-up comedian (b. 1950)

[edit] Holidays and observances

• China's victory over Japan commemoration related observances:
  • Armed Forces Day (Republic of China)
  • V-J Day (People's Republic of China)
• Christian Feast Day:
  • Marinus
  • Pope Gregory I
  • Remaclus
  • September 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Feast of San Marino and the Republic, celebrates the foundation of the Republic of San Marino in 301.
• Flag Day (Australia)
• Independence Day, celebrates the second independence of Qatar from Great Britain in 1971.
• Levy Mwanawasa Day (Zambia)
• Memorial Day (Tunisia)
• Merchant Navy Remembrance Day (Canada)