July 10 is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 174 days remaining until the end of the year.
[edit] Events
- 48 BC – Battle of Dyrrhachium: Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.
- 138 – Emperor Hadrian dies after a heart failure at Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina.
- 988 – Norse King Glun Iarainn recognises Máel Sechnaill II, High King of Ireland, and agrees to pay taxes and accept Brehon Law; the event is considered to be the founding of the city of Dublin.
- 1212 – The most severe of several early fires of London burns most of the city to the ground.
- 1460 – Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick defeats the king's Lancastrian forces and takes King Henry VI prisoner in the Battle of Northampton.
- 1499 – Portuguese explorer Nicolau Coelho returns to Lisbon, after discovering the sea route to India as a companion of Vasco da Gama.
- 1553 – Lady Jane Grey takes the throne of England.
- 1584 – William I of Orange is assassinated in his home in Delft, Holland by Balthasar Gérard.
- 1645 – English Civil War: The Battle of Langport takes place.
- 1778 – American Revolution: Louis XVI of France declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain.
- 1789 – Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Mackenzie River delta.
- 1806 – The Vellore Mutiny is the first instance of a mutiny by Indian sepoys against the British East India Company.
- 1821 – The United States takes possession of its newly bought territory of Florida from Spain.
- 1832 – U.S. President Andrew Jackson vetoes a bill that would re-charter the Second Bank of the United States.
- 1850 – Millard Fillmore is inaugurated as the 13th President of the United States upon the death of President Zachary Taylor, 16 months into his term.
- 1877 – The then-villa of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico formally receives its city charter from the Royal Crown of Spain.
- 1882 – War of the Pacific: Chile suffers its last military defeat in the Battle of La Concepción when a garrison of 77 men is annihilated by a 1,300-strong Peruvian force, many of them armed with spears.
- 1890 – Wyoming is admitted as the 44th U.S. state.
- 1911 – The Royal Australian Navy was established by HM King George V of Australia.
- 1913 – Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C), the highest temperature recorded in the United States.
- 1921 – Belfast's Bloody Sunday: 16 people are killed and 161 houses destroyed during rioting and gun battles in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
- 1925 – Meher Baba begins his silence of 44 years. His followers observe Silence Day on this date in commemoration.
- 1925 – Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, the so-called "Monkey Trial" begins with John T. Scopes, a young high school science teacher accused of teaching evolution in violation of the Butler Act.
- 1938 – Howard Hughes sets a new record by completing a 91 hour airplane flight around the world.
- 1940 – World War II: the Vichy government is established in France.
- 1940 – World War II: Battle of Britain – The German Luftwaffe begins attacking British convoys in the English Channel thus starting the battle (this start date is contested, though).
- 1941 – Jedwabne Pogrom: the massacre of Jewish people living in and near the village of Jedwabne in Poland.
- 1942 – Diplomatic relations between the Netherlands and the Soviet Union are established.
- 1942 – World War II: An American pilot spots a downed, intact Mitsubishi A6M Zero on Akutan Island (the "Akutan Zero") that the US Navy uses to learn the aircraft's flight characteristics.
- 1946 – Hungarian hyperinflation sets a record with inflation of 348.46 percent per day, or prices doubling every eleven hours.
- 1947 – Muhammad Ali Jinnah is recommended as the first Governor-General of Pakistan by British Prime Minister Clement Attlee.
- 1951 – Korean War: Armistice negotiations begin at Kaesong.
- 1962 – Telstar, the world's first communications satellite, is launched into orbit.
- 1966 – The Chicago Freedom Movement, led by Martin Luther King, Jr., holds a rally at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois. As many as 60,000 people came to hear Dr. King as well as Mahalia Jackson, Stevie Wonder, and Peter Paul and Mary.
- 1967 – Uruguay becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
- 1968 – Maurice Couve de Murville becomes Prime Minister of France.
- 1971 – Hassan II of Morocco survives an attempted coup d'état, which lasts until June 11.
- 1973 – The Bahamas gain full independence within the Commonwealth of Nations.
- 1973 – National Assembly of Pakistan passes a resolution on the recognition of Bangladesh.
- 1973 – John Paul Getty III, grandson of oil magnate J. Paul Getty, is kidnapped in Rome, Italy.
- 1976 – The Seveso disaster occurs in Italy.
- 1976 – One American and three British mercenaries are executed in Angola following the Luanda Trial.
- 1978 – World News Tonight premieres on ABC.
- 1978 – President Moktar Ould Daddah of Mauritania is ousted in a bloodless coup d'état.
- 1980 – Alexandra Palace burns down for a second time.
- 1985 – Greenpeace vessel Rainbow Warrior is bombed and sunk in Auckland, New Zealand harbour by French DGSE agents, killing Fernando Pereira.
- 1991 – The South African cricket team is readmitted into the International Cricket Council following the end of Apartheid.
- 1992 – In Miami, Florida, former Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega is sentenced to 40 years in prison for drug and racketeering violations.
- 1997 – In London scientists report the findings of the DNA analysis of a Neanderthal skeleton which supports the "out of Africa theory" of human evolution placing an "African Eve" at 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.
- 1997 – Partido Popular (Spain) member Miguel Ángel Blanco is kidnapped in the Basque city of Ermua by ETA members, sparking widespread protests.
- 1998 – Roman Catholic sex abuse cases: The Diocese of Dallas agrees to pay $23.4 million to nine former altar boys who claimed they were sexually abused by former priest Rudolph Kos.
- 2000 – A leaking southern Nigerian petroleum pipeline explodes, killing about 250 villagers scavenging gasoline.
- 2000 – EADS, the world's second-largest aerospace group is formed by the merger of Aérospatiale-Matra, DASA, and CASA.
- 2002 – At a Sotheby's auction, Peter Paul Rubens' painting The Massacre of the Innocents is sold for £49.5million (US$76.2 million) to Lord Thomson.
- 2003 – A Neoplan bus, owned by Kowloon Motor Bus, collides with a truck, falls off a bridge on Tuen Mun Road, Hong Kong, and plunges into the underlying valley, killing 21 people. This is the deadliest traffic accident to date in Hong Kong.
- 2005 – Hurricane Dennis slams into the Florida Panhandle, causing billions of dollars in damage.
- 2006 – Pakistan International Flight PK-688 crashes in Multan, Pakistan, shortly after takeoff, killing all 45 people on board.
- 2008 – Former Macedonian Interior Minister Ljube Boškoski is acquitted of all charges by a United Nations Tribunal accusing him of war crimes.
- 2011 – Russian cruise ship Bulgaria sunk in Volga near Syukeyevo, Tatarstan, leading to 122 deaths.
[edit] Births
- 1419 – Emperor Go-Hanazono of Japan (d. 1471)
- 1452 – King James III of Scotland (d. 1488)
- 1509 – John Calvin, French religious reformer (d. 1564)
- 1517 – Odet de Coligny, French cardinal and Protestant (d. 1571)
- 1592 – Pierre d'Hozier, French historian (d. 1660)
- 1614 – Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey, English royalist statesman (d. 1686)
- 1625 – Jean Herauld Gourville, French adventurer (d. 1703)
- 1638 – David Teniers III, Flemish painter (d. 1685)
- 1666 – John Ernest Grabe, German-born Anglican theologian (d. 1711)
- 1682 – Bartholomaeus Ziegenbalg, German Lutheran missionary to India (d. 1719)
- 1682 – Roger Cotes, English mathematician (d. 1716)
- 1711 – Princess Amelia of Great Britain (d. 1783)
- 1723 – William Blackstone, English jurist (d. 1780)
- 1736 – Maria, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (d. 1807)
- 1792 – George Mifflin Dallas, American politician (d. 1864)
- 1802 – Robert Chambers, Scottish author and naturalist (d. 1871)
- 1804 – Emma Hale Smith Bidamon, American religious figure (d. 1879)
- 1809 – Friedrich August von Quenstedt, German geologist (d. 1889)
- 1830 – Camille Pissarro, French painter (d. 1903)
- 1832 – Alvan Graham Clark, American telescope maker and astronomer (d. 1897)
- 1835 – Henryk Wieniawski, Polish composer (d. 1880)
- 1839 – Adolphus Busch, German-born brewer (d. 1913)
- 1856 – Nikola Tesla, Serb-American inventor (d. 1943)
- 1864 – Sir Austin Chapman, Australian policitian (d. 1926)
- 1867 – Prince Maximilian of Baden, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1929)
- 1871 – Marcel Proust, French writer (d. 1922)
- 1874 – Sergey Konenkov, Russian sculptor (d. 1971)
- 1875 – Mary McLeod Bethune, American educator (d. 1955)
- 1883 – Johannes Blaskowitz, German general (d. 1948)
- 1888 – Giorgio de Chirico, Italian painter (d. 1978)
- 1895 – Carl Orff, German composer (d. 1982)
- 1896 – Thérèse Casgrain, French Canadian politician and senator (d. 1981)
- 1897 – Karl Plagge, German officer (d. 1957)
- 1897 – Jack "Legs" Diamond", American bootlegger (d. 1931)
- 1898 – Renée Björling, Swedish actress (d. 1975)
- 1899 – John Gilbert, American actor (d. 1936)
- 1899 – Heiri Suter, Swiss cyclist (d. 1978)
- 1900 – Sampson Sievers, Russian Orthodox priest (d. 1979)
- 1900 – Mitchell Parish, American lyricist (d. 1993)
- 1902 – Kurt Alder, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
- 1903 – John Wyndham, British author (d. 1969)
- 1903 – Werner Best, German jurist and Nazi leader (d. 1989)
- 1905 – Thomas Gomez, American actor (d. 1971)
- 1905 – Wolfram Sievers, Nazi physician (d. 1948)
- 1907 – Blind Boy Fuller, American blues guitarist (d. 1941)
- 1909 – Donald Sinclair, British hotel manager (d. 1981)
- 1913 – Salvador Espriu, Spanish poet (d. 1985)
- 1914 – Joe Shuster, Canadian-born cartoonist (d. 1992)
- 1917 – Reg Smythe, British cartoonist (Andy Capp) (d. 1998)
- 1917 – Don Herbert, American television host (d. 2007)
- 1917 – Hugh Alexander, American baseball player (d. 2000)
- 1920 – David Brinkley, American television reporter (d. 2003)
- 1920 – Owen Chamberlain, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
- 1921 – Harvey Ball, American inventor (d. 2001)
- 1921 – Jeff Donnell, American actress (d. 1988)
- 1921 – Jake LaMotta, American boxer
- 1921 – Eunice Kennedy Shriver, American activist (d. 2009)
- 1923 – Earl Hamner Jr., American author and television producer
- 1923 – Jean Kerr, American author (d. 2003)
- 1923 – G. A. Kulkarni, Indian (Marathi) writer (d. 1987)
- 1923 – John Bradley, American Navy corpsman (d. 1994)
- 1924 – Bobo Brazil, American professional wrestler (d. 1998)
- 1924 – Johnny Bach, American basketball coach
- 1926 – Fred Gwynne, American actor (d. 1993)
- 1927 – Grigory Barenblatt, Russian mathematician
- 1927 – Suzanne Cloutier, Canadian film actor (d. 2003)
- 1927 – David Norman Dinkins, New York City Mayor, 1990-1993
- 1928 – Moshe Greenberg, American-Israeli Bible scholar (d. 2010)
- 1928 – Alejandro de Tomaso, Argentine-Italian racing driver and car manufacturer (d. 2003)
- 1928 – Bernard Buffet, French painter (d. 1999)
- 1929 – Winnie Ewing, Scottish politician
- 1930 – Bruce Boa, Canadian actor (d. 2004)
- 1931 – Nick Adams, American actor (d. 1968)
- 1931 – Alice Munro, Canadian writer
- 1931 – Jerry Herman, American composer and lyricist
- 1931 – Julian May, American writer
- 1932 – Carlo Mario Abate, Italian racing driver
- 1933 – Jan DeGaetani, American mezzo-soprano (d. 1989)
- 1934 – Jerry Nelson, American puppeteer
- 1935 – Tura Satana, American actress (d. 2011)
- 1938 – Paul Andreu, French architect
- 1938 – Lee Morgan, American hard-bop trumpeter (d. 1972)
- 1939 – Ahmet Taner Kışlalı, Turkish politician, journalist, and educator (d. 1999)
- 1940 – Meghnad Desai, Baron Desai, British economist
- 1940 – Helen Donath, American soprano
- 1940 – Tom Farmer, Scottish entrepreneur
- 1940 – Brian Priestley, English jazz writer and pianist
- 1941 – David G. Hartwell, American editor and anthologist
- 1941 – Ian Whitcomb, English songwriter, entertainer and producer
- 1942 – Ronnie James Dio, American musician (d. 2010)
- 1942 – Pyotr Klimuk, Soviet cosmonaut
- 1943 – Arthur Ashe, American tennis player (d. 1993)
- 1945 – John Motson, British sports (football) commentator
- 1945 – Jean-Marie Poiré, French film director
- 1945 – Virginia Wade, British tennis player
- 1945 – Ron Glass, American actor
- 1945 – Peter Michalica, Slovak violinist
- 1945 – Hal McRae American baseball player,
- 1946 – Sue Lyon, American actress
- 1947 – Arlo Guthrie, American musician
- 1948 – Chico Resch, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1949 – Anna Czerwińska, Polish mountaineer
- 1949 – Sunil Gavaskar, Indian cricketer
- 1949 – Greg Kihn, American pop musician & radio personality
- 1949 – John Whitehead, American singer and record producer (d.2004)
- 1950 – Prokopis Pavlopoulos, Greek politician
- 1951 – Phyllis Smith, American actress
- 1951 – Cheryl Wheeler, American singer and songwriter
- 1952 – Ludmilla Tourischeva, Russian gymnast
- 1952 – Kim Mitchell, Canadian guitarist/singer
- 1952 – Peter van Heemst, Dutch politician
- 1953 – Zoogz Rift, singer/songwriter and wrestling booker (d. 2011)
- 1953 – Rik Emmett, Canadian musician (Triumph)
- 1954 – Neil Tennant, British musician (Pet Shop Boys)
- 1954 – Andre Dawson, American baseball player
- 1954 – Tommy Bowden, American football coach
- 1956 – Tom McClintock, American politician
- 1957 – Cindy Sheehan, American anti-war/political activist
- 1958 – Béla Fleck, American musician
- 1958 – Fiona Shaw, Irish actress
- 1959 – Ellen Kuras, American cinematographer
- 1960 – Jeff Bergman, American voice actor
- 1961 – Jacky Cheung, Hong Kong singer and actor
- 1963 – Richard Waites, British actor
- 1964 – Urban Meyer, American football coach
- 1964 – Wilfried Peeters, Belgian cyclist
- 1965 – Alec Mapa, Filipino-American actor and comedian
- 1965 – Ken Mellons, American singer
- 1965 – Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark
- 1965 – Scott McCarron, American professional golfer
- 1966 – Gina Bellman, British actress
- 1966 – Johnny Grunge, American wrestler (d. 2006)
- 1966 – Christian Stangl, Austrian mountaineer
- 1967 – Tom Meents, American monster truck driver
- 1967 – Silvetty Montilla, Brazilian drag queen
- 1967 – Rebekah Del Rio, Latin American singer/songwriter
- 1968 – Hassiba Boulmerka, Algerian athlete
- 1968 – Jonathan Gilbert, American actor
- 1969 – Jamie Glover, British actor
- 1969 – Gale Harold, American actor
- 1969 – Alexandra Hedison, American actress
- 1969 – Vicky Morales, Filipina broadcast journalist
- 1969 – Jonas Kaufmann, German tenor
- 1970 – Adam Hills, Australian comedian
- 1970 – Gary LeVox, American singer (Rascal Flatts)
- 1970 – Jason Orange, UK pop singer and dancer (Take That)
- 1970 – John Simm, British actor
- 1970 – Helen Sjöholm, Swedish singer and actress
- 1971 – Adam Foote, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1971 – Gregory Goodridge, Barbadian footballer
- 1971 – Orlando Jordan, American wrestler
- 1972 – Peter Serafinowicz, British comedian and actor
- 1972 – Sofia Vergara, Colombian actress
- 1972 – Tilo Wolff, German musician (Lacrimosa)
- 1973 – Annie Mumolo, American actress
- 1974 – Chiwetel Ejiofor, English actor
- 1974 – Sharon den Adel, Singer of Dutch band, Within Temptation
- 1975 – Andrew Firestone, American TV reality show personality
- 1975 – Brendan Gaughan, American stock car driver
- 1975 – Alain Nasreddine, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1975 – Stefán Karl Stefánsson, Icelandic actor
- 1976 – Elijah Blue Allman, American musician (Deadsy)
- 1976 – Adrian Grenier, American actor
- 1976 – Ludovic Giuly, French footballer
- 1976 – Lars Ricken, German footballer
- 1976 – Brendon Lade, Australian rules footballer
- 1976 – Edmílson Gomes, Brazilian footballer
- 1977 – Schapelle Corby, Australian convicted drug smuggler
- 1977 – Gwendoline Yeo, American actress
- 1978 – Jesse Lacey, American musician (Brand New)
- 1979 – Mvondo Atangana, Cameroon footballer
- 1980 – Thomas Ian Nicholas, American actor
- 1980 – Alejandro Millán, Mexican singer and songwriter
- 1980 – Adam Petty, American race car driver (d. 2000)
- 1980 – Jessica Simpson, American singer
- 1980 – Han Eun-jeong, South Korean actress
- 1980 – James D. Rolfe, video game reviewer better known as the Angry Video Game Nerd
- 1981 – Aleksandar Tunchev, Bulgarian footballer
- 1982 – Alex Arrowsmith, American musician
- 1982 – Sebastian Mila, Polish footballer
- 1983 – Giuseppe De Feudis, Italian footballer
- 1983 – Kim Heechul, Korean singer
- 1983 – Matthew Egan, Australian rules footballer
- 1984 – Maria Julia Mantilla Garcia, Miss World 2004
- 1984 – Nikolaos Mitrou, Greek footballer
- 1985 – B.J. Crombeen, American ice hockey player
- 1985 – Mario Gómez, German footballer
- 1985 – Park Chu-Young, South Korean footballer
- 1986 – Simenona Martinez, American actress
- 1987 – Brian Belo, British television personality
- 1988 – Antonio Brown, American football player
- 1988 – Heather Hemmens, American actress
- 1991 – María Chacón, Mexican actress
- 1991 – Danielle Horvat, Australian actress
- 1991 – Atsuko Maeda, Japanese actress and singer (AKB48)
- 1992 – Larissa Marolt, Austrian fashion model
- 1998 – Haley Pullos, American actress
[edit] Deaths
- 138 – Hadrian, Roman Emperor (b. 76)
- 649 – Li Shimin, Emperor of China (b. 599)
- 1099 – El Cid, of Castile (b. 1044)
- 1103 – King Eric I of Denmark
- 1290 – King Ladislaus IV of Hungary (b. 1262)
- 1460 – Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, English military leader (b. 1402)
- 1480 – King René I of Naples (b. 1410)
- 1559 – King Henry II of France (b. 1519)
- 1584 – William I of Orange (b. 1533)
- 1590 – Archduke Charles II of Austria (b. 1540)
- 1594 – Paolo Bellasio, Italian composer (b. 1554)
- 1603 – Joan Terès i Borrull, viceroy of Catalonia (b. 1538)
- 1621 – Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy, soldier in Habsburg service (b. 1571)
- 1653 – Gabriel Naudé, French librarian and scholar (b. 1600)
- 1680 – Louis Moréri, French encyclopedist (b. 1643)
- 1683 – François-Eudes de Mézeray, French historian (b. 1610)
- 1686 – John Fell, English churchman (b. 1625)
- 1776 – Richard Peters, English-born clergyman (b. 1704)
- 1794 – Gaspard de Bernard de Marigny, French royalist general and counterrevolutionary (d. 1754)
- 1806 – George Stubbs, British painter (b. 1724)
- 1848 – Karoline Jagemann, German actor (b. 1777)
- 1851 – Louis-Jacques Daguerre, French inventor and photographer (b. 1787)
- 1881 – Georg Hermann Nicolai, German architect (b. 1812)
- 1884 – Paul Morphy, American chess player (b. 1837)
- 1908 – Phoebe Knapp, American hymn writer (b. 1839)
- 1920 – Jackie Fisher, British admiral (b. 1841)
- 1941 – Jelly Roll Morton, American musician (b. 1890)
- 1950 – Richard Maury, American naturalized Argentine engineer (b. 1882)
- 1954 – Calogero Vizzini, Sicilian mafioso (b. 1877)
- 1956 – Joe Giard, American baseball player (b. 1898)
- 1962 – Yehuda Leib Maimon, Israeli rabbi and government minister (b. 1875)
- 1963 – Teddy Wakelam, English sports broadcaster and rugby union player (b. 1893)
- 1970 – Bjarni Benediktsson, Icelandic foreign and later prime minister (b. 1908)
- 1971 – Laurent Dauthuille, French boxer (b. 1924)
- 1972 – Lovie Austin, American jazz pianist (b. 1887)
- 1978 – John D Rockefeller III, American businessman (b. 1906)
- 1978 – Joe Davis, English snooker player (b. 1901)
- 1979 – Arthur Fiedler, American conductor (b. 1894)
- 1980 – Joseph Krumgold, American writer (b. 1908)
- 1981 – Ken Rex McElroy, American hog rustler (b. 1936)
- 1985 – Fernando Pereira, Portuguese-Dutch photographer and victim of the Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior (b. 1950)
- 1986 – Tadeusz Piotrowski, Polish mountaineer (b. 1940)
- 1987 – John H. Hammond, American record producer (b. 1910)
- 1989 – Mel Blanc, American voice actor (b. 1908)
- 1993 – Sam Rolfe, American screenwriter (b. 1924)
- 2000 – Vakkom Majeed, Indian politician (b. 1909)
- 2000 – Justin Pierce, English-American actor and skateboarder (b. 1975)
- 2002 – Jean-Pierre Côté, French Canadian politician and Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (b. 1926)
- 2002 – Evangelos Florakis, Greek military officer (b. 1943)
- 2003 – Winston Graham, English writer (b. 1908)
- 2003 – Bishnu Maden, Nepalese politician
- 2003 – Hartley Shawcross, British prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials (b. 1902)
- 2004 – Pati Behrs, Russian-born American actress, grandniece of Leo Tolstoy and first wife of American actor John Derek (b. 1922)
- 2005 – A.J. Quinnell, English writer (b. 1940)
- 2005 – Freddy Soto, American comedian and actor (b. 1970)
- 2005 – Freda Wright-Sorce, American radio performer (b. 1955)
- 2006 – Shamil Basayev, Chechen rebel (b. 1965)
- 2007 – Abdul Rashid Ghazi, radical Pakistani cleric (b. 1951)
- 2007 – Doug Marlette, American cartoonist (b. 1949)
- 2007 – Zheng Xiaoyu, director of the State Food and Drug Administration of the People's Republic of China (b. 1944)
- 2008 – Hiroaki Aoki, founder of Benihana (b. 1938)
- 2008 – Mike Souchak, American golfer (b. 1927)
- 2011 – Pierrette Alarie, Canadian operatic soprano (b. 1921)
- 2011 – Roland Petit, French choreographer and dancer (b. 1924)
[edit] Holidays and observances
