July 14

July 14 is the 195th day of the year (196th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 170 days remaining until the end of the year.

[edit] Events

• 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II of France.
• 1698 – The Darien scheme begins with five ships, bearing about 1,200 people, departing Leith for the Isthmus of Panama.
• 1769 – An expedition led by Gaspar de Portolà establishes a base in California and sets out to find the Port of Monterey (now Monterey, California).
• 1771 – Foundation of the Mission San Antonio de Padua in modern California by the Franciscan friar Junípero Serra.
• 1789 – French Revolution: citizens of Paris storm the Bastille.
• 1790 – French Revolution: citizens of Paris celebrate the constitutional monarchy and national reconciliation in the Fête de la Fédération.
• 1791 – The Priestley Riots drive Joseph Priestley, a supporter of the French Revolution, out of Birmingham, England.
• 1798 – The Sedition Act becomes law in the United States making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the United States government.
• 1865 – First ascent of the Matterhorn by Edward Whymper and party, four of whom die on the descent.
• 1881 – Billy the Kid is shot and killed by Pat Garrett outside Fort Sumner.
• 1900 – Armies of the Eight-Nation Alliance capture Tientsin during the Boxer Rebellion.
• 1902 – The Campanile in St. Mark's Square, Venice collapses, also demolishing the loggetta.
• 1911 – Harry Atwood, an exhibition pilot for the Wright Brothers lands his airplane at the South Lawn of the White House. He is later awarded a Gold medal from President Taft for this feat.
• 1916 – Start of the Battle of Delville Wood as an action within the Battle of the Somme, which was to last until 3 September 1916.
• 1933 – Gleichschaltung: in Germany, all political parties are outlawed except the Nazi Party.
• 1943 – In Joplin, Missouri, the George Washington Carver National Monument becomes the first United States National Monument in honor of an African American.
• 1948 – Palmiro Togliatti, leader of the Italian Communist Party, is shot and wounded near the Italian Parliament.
• 1950 – Korean War: North Korean troops initiate the Battle of Taejon.
• 1957 – Rawya Ateya takes her seat in the National Assembly of Egypt, thereby becoming the first female parliamentarian in the Arab world.
• 1958 – Iraqi Revolution: in Iraq the monarchy is overthrown by popular forces led by Abdul Karim Kassem, who becomes the nation's new leader.
• 1960 – Jane Goodall arrives at the Gombe Stream Reserve in present-day Tanzania to begin her famous study of chimpanzees in the wild.
• 1965 – The Mariner 4 flyby of Mars takes the first close-up photos of another planet.
• 1969 – Football War: after Honduras loses a soccer match against El Salvador, riots break out in Honduras against Salvadoran migrant workers.
• 1969 – The United States $500, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000 bills are officially withdrawn from circulation.
• 1987   Montreal, Canada, is hit by a series of thunderstorms causing the Montreal Flood of 1987.
• 1992 – 386BSD is released by Lynne Jolitz and William Jolitz beginning the Open Source Operating System Revolution. Linus Torvalds release his Linux soon afterwards.
• 2000 – A powerful solar flare, later named the Bastille Day event, causes a geomagnetic storm on Earth.
• 2002 – French President Jacques Chirac escapes an assassination attempt unscathed during Bastille Day celebrations.

[edit] Births

• 1454 – Poliziano, Florentine humanist (d. 1494)
• 1602 – Jules Mazarin, French statesman and cardinal (d. 1661)
• 1608 – George Goring, Lord Goring, English royalist soldier (d. 1657)
• 1610 – Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1670)
• 1634 – Pasquier Quesnel, French Jansenist theologian (d. 1719)
• 1671 – Jacques D'Allonville, French astronomer and mathematician (d. 1732)
• 1675 – Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French soldier (d. 1747)
• 1676 – Caspar Abel, German theologian, historian and poet (d. 1763)
• 1696 – William Oldys, English antiquarian and bibliographer (d. 1761)
• 1721 – John Douglas, Scottish Anglican bishop and man of letters (d. 1807)
• 1743 – Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin, Russian poet (d. 1816)
• 1755 – Michel de Beaupuy, French general of the Revolution (d. 1796)
• 1785 – Mordecai Manuel Noah, American writer and journalist (d. 1851)
• 1801 – Johannes Peter Müller, German physiologist (d. 1858)
• 1816 – Arthur de Gobineau, French philosopher (d. 1882)
• 1829 – Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1896)
• 1834 – James Abbott McNeill Whistler, American painter (d. 1903)
• 1858 – Emmeline Pankhurst, English suffragette (d. 1928)
• 1859 – Willy Hess, German violinist (d. 1928)
• 1860 – Owen Wister, American novelist (d. 1938)
• 1862 – Gustav Klimt, Austrian painter and graphic artist (d. 1918)
• 1865 – Arthur Capper, American newspaper publisher and politician (d. 1951)
• 1868 – Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist, writer, spy and administrator (d. 1926)
• 1872 – Albert Marque, French sculptor and doll maker (d. 1939)
• 1874 – Khedive Abbas II of Egypt and Sudan (d. 1944)
• 1885 – King Sisavang Vong of Laos (d. 1959)
• 1888 – Scipio Slataper, Italian writer and essayist (d. 1915)
• 1889 – Ante Pavelić, Croatian fascist leader (d. 1959)
• 1891 – Alexander M. Volkov, Russian novelist and mathematician (d. 1977)
• 1893 – Clarence J. Brown, Newspaper publisher and politician (d. 1965)
• 1893 – Dave Fleischer, American animator, film director and film producer (d. 1979)
• 1896 – Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish anarchist (d. 1936)
• 1898 – Albert Benjamin "Happy" Chandler, American politician and baseball commissioner (d. 1991)
• 1901 – Gerald Finzi, British composer (d. 1956)
• 1903 – Irving Stone, American writer (d. 1989)
• 1906 – Tom Carvel, Greek-born American businessman and inventor (d. 1990)
• 1910 – William Hanna, American animator (d. 2001)
• 1911 – Terry-Thomas, British actor (d. 1990)
• 1912 – Northrop Frye, Canadian literary critic (d. 1991)
• 1912 – Woody Guthrie, American folk musician (d. 1967)
• 1913 – Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)
• 1918 – Ingmar Bergman, Swedish film and theatre director (d. 2007)
• 1918 – Arthur Laurents, American playwright, novelist, and director
• 1919 – Lino Ventura, Italian-born French actor (d. 1987)
• 1920 – Shankarrao Chavan, Indian politician (d. 2004)
• 1921 – Leon Garfield, English children's author (d. 1996)
• 1921 – Geoffrey Wilkinson, English chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1996)
• 1922 – Robin Olds, American World War II and Vietnam War ace fighter pilot (d. 2007)
• 1922 – Elfriede Rinkel, German Nazi concentration camp guard
• 1923 – Dale Robertson, American actor
• 1923 – Willie Steele, American long jumper (d. 1989)
• 1926 – Harry Dean Stanton, American actor
• 1927 – John Chancellor, American television commentator (d. 1996)
• 1928 – Nancy Olson, American actress
• 1930 – Polly Bergen, American actress
• 1931 – Jacqueline de Ribes, French fashion designer
• 1932 – Roosevelt Grier, American football player and actor
• 1933 – Robert Bourassa, Quebec politician (d. 1996)
• 1933 – Franz, Duke of Bavaria, Heir to the House of Stuart
• 1936 – Pema Chödrön, American-born Buddhist nun and author
• 1937 – Yoshiro Mori, Japanese politician
• 1938 – Jerry Rubin, American social activist and businessman (d. 1994)
• 1938 – Richard Rust, American actor (d. 1994)
• 1939 – Karel Gott, Czech Schlager singer
• 1939 – Sid Haig, American actor
• 1939 – George E. Slusser, American scholar and writer
• 1940 – Susan Howatch, English novelist
• 1941 – Maulana Karenga, American writer and political activist, the creator of Kwanzaa
• 1941 – Andreas Khol, Austrian politician
• 1942 – Javier Solana, Spanish politician, Secretary General of NATO and European Union High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
• 1943 – Christopher Priest, English novelist
• 1944 – Billy McCool, American baseball player
• 1946 – Vincent Pastore, American actor
• 1946 – John Wood, Australian actor
• 1947 – Claudia Kennedy, U.S. Army officer
• 1947 – Navin Ramgoolam, Mauritius politician, 3rd and 6th Prime Minister of Mauritius
• 1948 – Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu, Zulu king
• 1949 – Tommy Mottola, American music executive
• 1951 – Erich Hallhuber, German actor (d. 2003)
• 1952 – Franklin Graham, American evangelist
• 1952 – Eric Laneuville, American director, actor and producer
• 1952 – Joel Silver, American film producer
• 1952 – Bob Casale ("Bob 2"), American guitarist (Devo)
• 1953 – Martha Coakley, American politician
• 1953 – Bebe Buell, American model
• 1955 – L. Brent Bozell III, American writer and pundit
• 1956 – Julio Chavez, Argentinian actor
• 1956 – Vladimir Kulich, Czech actor
• 1958 – Robert Jensen, American journalist and activist
• 1958 – Joe Keenan, American screenwriter, television producer and novelist
• 1960 – Jane Lynch, American actress, comedian and singer
• 1960 – Anna Bligh, Australian politician
• 1960 – Kyle Gass, American guitarist, singer and actor (Tenacious D)
• 1960 – Angélique Kidjo, Beninese singer
• 1961 – Jackie Earle Haley, American actor
• 1962 – Jeff Olson, American percussionist (Trouble)
• 1963 – Phil Rosenthal, American newspaper columnist
• 1966 – Juliet Cesario, American actress
• 1966 – Owen Coyle, Scottish-born Irish football player and manager
• 1966 – Tanya Donelly, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Throwing Muses, Belly)
• 1966 – Matthew Fox, American actor
• 1966 – Ellen Reid, Canadian pianist and vocalist (Crash Test Dummies)
• 1966 – Brian Selznick, American author and illustrator
• 1967 – Marios Constantinou, Greek-Cypriot footballer
• 1967 – Jeff Jarrett, American professional wrestler
• 1967 – Patrick J. Kennedy, American politician
• 1967 – Robin Ventura, American baseball player
• 1969 – José Hernández, Puerto Rican baseball player
• 1969 – Kazushi Sakuraba, Japanese mixed martial artist and professional wrestler
• 1970 – Nina Siemaszko, American actress
• 1971 – Mark LoMonaco (Bubba Ray Dudley), American professional wrestler
• 1971 – Nick McCabe, British guitarist (The Verve)
• 1971 – Madhu Sapre, Former Indian Model and Miss Universe Contestant
• 1971 – Joey Styles, American wrestling commentator
• 1971 – Marie-Chantal Toupin, Canadian singer
• 1971 – Howard Webb, English football referee
• 1972 – Deborah Mailman, Australian actress
• 1973 – Tani Fuga, Samoan rugby player
• 1973 – Paul Methric, American rapper
• 1973 – Halil Mutlu, Turkish weightlifter
• 1973 – Candela Peña, Spanish actress
• 1973 – Adam Quinn, American bagpipes player
• 1974 – Erick Dampier, American basketball player
• 1974 – David Mitchell, English comedian and actor
• 1975 – Tim Hudson, American baseball player
• 1975 – Jamey Johnson, American country music artist
• 1975 – Taboo, American rapper
• 1976 – Ranj Dhaliwal, Canadian novelist
• 1976 – Geraint Jones, England cricketer
• 1976 – Kirsten Sheridan, Irish film director and screenwriter
• 1977 – Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden
• 1979 – Bernie Castro, Dominican baseball player
• 1979 – Axel Teichmann, German cross-country skier
• 1980 – George Smith, Australian rugby union player
• 1980 – Jed Madela, Filipino singer
• 1981 – Lee Mead, English actor
• 1982 – Dmitry Chaplin, Russian-born American dancer, So You Think You Can Dance finalist
• 1983 – Wesley Dening, Australian TV personality
• 1984 – Renaldo Balkman, American basketball player
• 1984 – Nilmar, Brazilian footballer
• 1984 – Nansy Stergiopoulou, Greek singer (Hi-5)
• 1984 – Erica Blasberg, American golfer (d. 2010)
• 1985 – Billy Celeski, Australian footballer
• 1985 – Darrelle Revis, American football player
• 1987 – Adam Johnson, English footballer
• 1988 – James Vaughan, English footballer
• 1989 – Sean Flynn, American actor

[edit] Deaths

• 664 – Deusdedit of Canterbury, Archbishop of Canterbury (birth year unknown)
• 937 – Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria (birth year unknown)
• 1223 – King Philip II of France (b. 1165)
• 1575 – Richard Taverner, English translator of the Bible (b. c. 1505)
• 1614 – Camillus de Lellis, Italian saint (b. 1550)
• 1671 – Méric Casaubon, English classical scholar (b. 1599)
• 1723 – Claude Fleury, French historian (b. 1640)
• 1742 – Richard Bentley, English classical scholar (b. 1662)
• 1766 – František Maxmilián Kaňka, Czech architect (b. 1674)
• 1774 – James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley and Kilmaine, British field marshal (b. 1682)
• 1780 – Charles Batteux, French philosopher (b. 1713)
• 1789 – Jacques de Flesselles, French provost (b. 1721)
• 1789 – Bernard-René de Launay, French Governor of the Bastille (b. 1740)
• 1790 – Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon, Austrian field marshal (b. 1717)
• 1809 – Nicodemus the Hagiorite, Greek Orthodox saint (b. 1749)
• 1816 – Francisco de Miranda, Venezuelan revolutionary (b. 1750)
• 1817 – Madame de Staël, Swiss writer (b. 1766)
• 1827 – Augustin-Jean Fresnel, French physicist (b. 1788)
• 1834 – Edmond Charles Genêt, French ambassador to the United States during the French Revolution (b. 1763)
• 1850 – August Neander, German theologian (b. 1789)
• 1876 – Thomas Hazlehurst, English Methodist chapel builder (b. 1816)
• 1881 – Billy the Kid, American outlaw (b. 1859)
• 1904 – Paul Kruger, South African Boer resistance leader, 5th President of the South African Republic (b. 1824)
• 1907 – William Henry Perkin, English chemist and inventor (b. 1838)
• 1910 – Marius Petipa, French dancer and choreographer (b. 1818)
• 1917 – Octave Lapize, French cyclist (b. 1887)
• 1918 – Quentin Roosevelt, American aviator, son of Theodore Roosevelt (b. 1897)
• 1924 – Isabella Ford, English socialist, feminist, trade unionist and writer (b. 1855)
• 1925 – Pancho Villa, Filipino boxer (b. 1901)
• 1939 – Alphonse Mucha, Czech painter and decorative artist (b. 1860)
• 1954 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1866)
• 1954 – Jackie Saunders, American silent screen actress (b. 1892)
• 1965 – Adlai Stevenson, United States politician and Presidential candidate (b. 1900)
• 1966 – Julie Manet, French painter (b. 1878)
• 1967 – Tudor Arghezi, Romanian writer (b. 1880)
• 1968 – Konstantin Georgiyevich Paustovsky, Russian writer (b. 1892)
• 1968 – Ilias Tsirimokos, Greek politician, 164th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1907)
• 1970 – Preston Foster, American stage and film actor (b. 1900)
• 1974 – Carl Spaatz, American Air Force general (b. 1891)
• 1975 – Madan Mohan, Indian film music director (b. 1924)
• 1984 – Ernest Tidyman, American writer (b. 1928)
• 1989 – Frank Bell, British educator (b. 1916)
• 1990 – Walter Sedlmayr, German actor (b. 1926)
• 1993 – Léo Ferré, French singer and songwriter (b. 1916)
• 1994 – César Tovar, Venezuelan baseball player (b. 1940)
• 1996 – Jeff Krosnoff, American racing driver (b. 1964)
• 1998 – Richard McDonald, American fast food pioneer (b. 1909)
• 2000 – William Roscoe Estep, American Baptist historian (b. 1920)
• 2000 – René Ríos Boettiger, Chilean cartoonist (b. 1911)
• 2000 – Meredith MacRae, American actress (b. 1944)
• 2002 – Joaquín Balaguer, Dominican politician, 41st, 45th and 49th President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1906)
• 2003 – Éva Janikovszky, Hungarian novelist (b. 1926)
• 2003 – François-Albert Angers, French-Canadian economist (b. 1909)
• 2005 – Joe Harnell, American musician, composer and arranger (b. 1924)
• 2005 – Cicely Saunders, English nurse, physician and writer (b. 1918)
• 2007 – John Ferguson, Sr., Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1938)
• 2008 – Henki Kolstad, Norwegian actor (b. 1915)
• 2009 – Zbigniew Zapasiewicz, Polish actor (b. 1934)
• 2010 – Mădălina Manole, Romanian pop recording artist (b. 1967)
• 2010 – Gene Ludwig, American jazz organist (b. 1937)

[edit] Holidays and observances

• Bastille Day (France and French dependencies)
• Birthday of Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, an official flag day. (Sweden)
• Christian Feast Day:
  • Blessed Kateri Tekakwitha (United States)
  • Camillus de Lellis (Roman Catholic Church, except in the United States)
  • Idus of Leinster
  • Libert of Saint-Trond
  • Ulrich of Zell
  • July 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Earliest day on which the first day of Gentse Feesten can fall, while July 20 is the latest; celebrated on Saturday before July 21. (Ghent)
• Republic Day (Iraq)