March 8

March 8 is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 298 days remaining until the end of the year.

[edit] Events

• 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem Shāhnāmeh.
• 1126 – Following the death of his mother Urraca, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of Castile and Leσn.
• 1576 – Spanish explorer Diego Garcνa de Palacio first sights the ruins of the ancient Mayan city of Copαn.
• 1618 – Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion.
• 1655 – John Casor becomes the first legally-recognized slave in England's North American colonies.
• 1702 – Anne Stuart, sister of Mary II, becomes Queen regnant of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
• 1722 – The Safavid Empire of Iran is defeated by an army from Afghanistan at The Battle of Gulnabad, pushing Iran into anarchy.
• 1736 – Nader Shah, founder of the Afsharid dynasty, is crowned Shah of Iran.
• 1775 – An anonymous writer, thought by some to be Thomas Paine, publishes "African Slavery in America", the first article in the American colonies calling for the emancipation of slaves and the abolition of slavery.
• 1777 – Regiments from Ansbach and Bayreuth, sent to support Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, mutiny in the town of Ochsenfurt.
• 1782 – Gnadenhόtten massacre: Ninety-six Native Americans in Gnadenhutten, Ohio, who had converted to Christianity are killed by Pennsylvania militiamen in retaliation for raids carried out by other Indians.
• 1817 – The New York Stock Exchange is founded.
• 1844 – King Oscar I ascends to the thrones of Sweden and Norway.
• 1862 – American Civil War: The iron-clad CSS Virginia (formerly USS Merrimack) is launched at Hampton Roads, Virginia.
• 1868 – Sakai incident: Japanese samurai kill 11 French sailors in the port of Sakai near Osaka.
• 1910 – French aviatrix Raymonde de Laroche becomes the first woman to receive a pilot's license.
• 1911 – International Women's Day is launched in Copenhagen, Denmark, by Clara Zetkin, leader of the Women's Office for the Social Democratic Party in Germany.
• 1916 – World War I: A British force unsuccessfully attempts to relieve the siege of Kut (present-day Iraq) in the Battle of Dujaila.
• 1917 – International Women's Day protests in St. Petersburg mark the beginning of the February Revolution (so named because it was February on the Julian calendar).
• 1917 – The United States Senate votes to limit filibusters by adopting the cloture rule.
• 1920 – The Arab Kingdom of Syria, the first modern Arab state to come into existence, is established.
• 1921 – Spanish Premier Eduardo Dato Iradier is assassinated while exiting the parliament building in Madrid.
• 1924 – The Castle Gate mine disaster kills 172 coal miners near Castle Gate, Utah.
• 1936 – Daytona Beach Road Course holds its first oval stock car race.
• 1937 – Spanish Civil War: The Battle of Guadalajara begins.
• 1942 – World War II: The Dutch surrender to Japanese forces on Java.
• 1947 – 13,000 troops sent by the Kuomintang government of China arrived Taiwan after the 228 Incident and launched crackdowns which killed at least thousands of people, including many elites. This turned into a major root of the Taiwan independence movement.
• 1949 – Mildred Gillars ("Axis Sally") is condemned to prison for treason.
• 1957 – Egypt re-opens the Suez Canal after the Suez Crisis.
• 1957 – The 1957 Georgia Memorial to Congress, which petitions the U.S. Congress to declare the ratification of the 14th & 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution null and void, is adopted by the U.S. state of Georgia.
• 1957 – Ghana joins the United Nations.
• 1963 – The Ba'ath Party comes to power in Syria in a coup d'ιtat by a clique of quasi-leftist Syrian Army officers calling themselves the National Council of the Revolutionary Command.
• 1966 – A bomb planted by Irish Republicans destroys Nelson's Pillar in Dublin.
• 1974 – Charles de Gaulle Airport opens in Paris, France.
• 1978 – The first radio episode of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, by Douglas Adams, is transmitted on BBC Radio 4.
• 1979 – Philips demonstrates the Compact Disc publicly for the first time.
• 1983 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan calls the Soviet Union an "evil empire".
• 1985 – A failed assassination attempt on Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah in Beirut, Lebanon, kills at least 45 and injures 175 others.
• 1999 – The Supreme Court of the United States upholds the murder convictions of Timothy McVeigh for the Oklahoma City bombing.
• 2004 – A new constitution is signed by Iraq's Governing Council.

[edit] Births

• 1286 – John III, Duke of Brittany (d. 1341)
• 1293 – Beatrice of Castile, queen of Portugal (d. 1359)
• 1495 – John of God, Portuguese-born friar and saint (d. 1550)
• 1514 – Amago Haruhisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1562)
• 1566 – Don Carlo Gesualdo, Italian composer (d. 1613)
• 1659 – Isaac de Beausobre, French Protestant pastor (d. 1738)
• 1702 – Anne Bonny, Irish-American pirate (d. 1782)
• 1712 – John Fothergill, English physician (d. 1780)
• 1714 – Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, German composer (d. 1788)
• 1726 – Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe, Royal Navy admiral of the fleet (d. 1799)
• 1746 – Andrι Michaux, French botanist (d. 1802)
• 1748 – William V of Orange, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic (d. 1806)
• 1783 – Hannah Van Buren, wife of Martin Van Buren (d. 1819)
• 1799 – Simon Cameron, 26th U.S. Secretary of War (d. 1889)
• 1804 – Alvan Clark, American telescope maker and astronomer (d. 1887)
• 1814 – Ede Szigligeti, Hungarian dramatist (d. 1878)
• 1822 – Ignacy Lukasiewicz, Polish inventor (d. 1882)
• 1827 – Wilhelm Bleek, German linguist (d. 1875)
• 1830 – Joγo de Deus, Portuguese poet (d. 1896)
• 1841 – Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1935)
• 1847 – John Lister, English politician (d. 1933)
• 1856 – Bramwell Booth, the 2nd General of The Salvation Army (d. 1929)
• 1856 – Colin Campbell Cooper, American Impressionist painter (d. 1937)
• 1859 – Kenneth Grahame, English author (d. 1932)
• 1865 – Frederic Goudy, American type designer (d. 1947)
• 1879 – Otto Hahn, German chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1968)
• 1882 – Charles de Vendeville, French swimmer (d. 1914)
• 1886 – Edward Calvin Kendall, American chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1972)
• 1897 – Damerla Rama Rao, Indian artist, (d. 1925)
• 1897 – Margot Bryant, British actress, (d. 1988)
• 1891 – Sam Jaffe, American actor (d. 1984)
• 1892 – Mississippi John Hurt, American blues singer and guitarist (d. 1966)
• 1892 – Juana de Ibarbourou, Uruguayan poet (d. 1979)
• 1896 – Charlotte Whitton, Canadian politician (d. 1975)
• 1898 – Kame Nakamura, Japanese super-centenarian (d. 2012)
• 1899 – Elmer Keith, American firearms developer (d. 1984)
• 1900 – Howard Aiken, American computing pioneer (d. 1973)
• 1902 – Louise Beavers, American actress (d. 1962)
• 1902 – Jennings Randolph, America politician, United States Senator from West Virginia (d. 1998)
• 1907 – Konstantinos Karamanlis, Greek politician (d. 1998)
• 1908 – Lucio and Simplicio Godina, Filipino conjoined twins (d. 1936)
• 1910 – Bernard Benjamin, British statistician (d. 2002)
• 1910 – Claire Trevor, American actress (d. 2000)
• 1911 – Alan Hovhaness, American composer (d. 2000)
• 1912 – Preston Smith, America politician, 40th Governor of Texas (d. 2003)
• 1912 – Meldrim Thomson, Jr., American politician, 73rd governor of New Hampshire (d. 2001)
• 1914 – Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich, Russian physicist (d. 1987)
• 1915 – Tapio Rautavaara, Finnish athlete, actor, and singer (d. 1979)
• 1916 – John W. Seybold, American businessman, father of computer typesetting (d. 2004)
• 1918 – Jacques Baratier, French director and screenwriter (d. 2009)
• 1920 – Douglass Wallop, American novelist and playwright (d. 1985)
• 1921 – Alan Hale, Jr., American actor (d. 1990)
• 1921 – Fritz Luchsinger, Swiss mountaineer (d. 1983)
• 1922 – Ralph H. Baer, German-born American inventor
• 1922 – Cyd Charisse, American actress and dancer (d. 2008)
• 1922 – Carl Furillo, American baseball player (d. 1989)
• 1922 – Yevgeny Matveyev, Russian actor and film director (d. 2003)
• 1922 – Shigeru Mizuki, Japanese soldier and manga artist
• 1924 – Georges Charpak, Ukrainian-born physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2010)
• 1925 – Warren Bennis, American educator and author
• 1926 – Grigori Kromanov, Estonian film and theatre director (d. 1984)
• 1926 – Francisco Rabal, Spanish actor (d. 2001)
• 1927 – Dick Hyman, American pianist and composer
• 1927 – Stanisław Kania, Polish politician
• 1929 – Hebe Camargo, Brazilian actress and singer (d. 2012)
• 1930 – Nancy Burley, Australian figure skater (d. 2013)
• 1930 – Bob Grim, American baseball player (d. 1996)
• 1931 – Neil Adcock, South African cricketer (d. 2013)
• 1931 – John McPhee, American writer and professor
• 1931 – Gerald Potterton, British/Canadian director, producer and animator
• 1931 – Neil Postman, American cultural critic (d. 2003)
• 1933 – Evelyn Margaret Ay, American beauty pageant winner (d. 2008)
• 1933 – Luca Ronconi, Italian theater and opera director
• 1934 – Marv Breeding, American baseball player (d. 2006)
• 1936 – Sue Ane Langdon, American actress
• 1936 – Gαbor Szabσ, Hungarian guitarist (d. 1982)
• 1937 – Richard Farina, American folksinger (d. 1966)
• 1937 – Juvιnal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (d. 1994)
• 1938 – Pete Dawkins, American football player
• 1938 – Hans Fogh, Canadian competition sailor
• 1938 – Bruno Pizzul, Italian sports journalist
• 1939 – Jim Bouton, American baseball player and author
• 1939 – Lidia Skoblikova, Russian skater
• 1939 – Robert Tear, Welsh tenor
• 1940 – Susan Clark, Canadian actress
• 1940 – Jacques Doucet, radio play-by-play voice for the Montreal Expos (1972-2004)
• 1941 – Andrei Mironov, Soviet actor (d. 1987)
• 1942 – Dick Allen, American baseball player
• 1942 – Palito Ortega, Argentine singer and actor
• 1942 – Ann Packer, British athlete
• 1943 – Lynn Redgrave, English actress (d. 2010)
• 1943 – Dionysis Simopoulos, Greek physicist and astronomer
• 1944 – Buzz Hargrove, Canadian labour leader
• 1944 – Sergey Nikitin, Russian composer
• 1944 – Pepe Romero, Spanish guitarist
• 1945 – Bruce Broughton, American composer
• 1945 – Jim Chapman, American politician
• 1945 – Micky Dolenz, American musician, singer, songwriter, actor. (The Monkees)
• 1945 – Anselm Kiefer, German painter
• 1946 – Randy Meisner, American musician (The Eagles and Poco)
• 1947 – Mike Allsup, American musician (Three Dog Night)
• 1947 – Michael S. Hart, Gutenberg Project founder
• 1947 – Carole Bayer Sager, American composer
• 1947 – Vladimνr Mišνk, Czech singer-songwriter (Blue Effect, Flamengo)
• 1947 – Florentino Pιrez, Spanish football executive
• 1948 – Gyles Brandreth, British broadcaster and former Conservative Member of Parliament
• 1948 – Peggy March, American pop singer
• 1948 – Jonathan Sacks, Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth
• 1949 – Natalia Kuchinskaya, Soviet gymnast
• 1949 – Karel Lismont, Belgian athlete
• 1949 – Antonello Venditti, Italian singer-songwriter
• 1950 – Richard Ouzounian, Canadian/American theatre director and critic
• 1950 – Dimitris Spentzopoulos, Greek footballer
• 1952 – George Felix Allen, American politician, 67th Governor of Virginia
• 1953 – Jim Rice, American baseball player
• 1953 – Don Werner, American baseball player
• 1954 – Cheryl Baker, British singer (Bucks Fizz)
• 1954 – Bob Brozman, American musician (R. Crumb & His Cheap Suit Serenaders)
• 1954 – David Wilkie, Scottish swimmer
• 1955 – Don Ashby, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1981)
• 1955 – Joellyn Auklandus, American writer
• 1956 – Laurie Cunningham, English footballer (d. 1989)
• 1956 – John Kapelos, Canadian actor
• 1957 – Clive Burr, British musician (Iron Maiden)
• 1957 – John Butcher, American baseball player
• 1957 – Billy Childs, American composer/pianist
• 1957 – Cynthia Rothrock, American actress
• 1957 – Bob Stoddard, American baseball player
• 1958 – Nick Capra, American baseball player
• 1958 – Gary Numan, British singer (Tubeway Army)
• 1959 – Lester Holt, American television journalist
• 1959 – Aidan Quinn, American actor
• 1960 – Jeffrey Eugenides, American novelist
• 1960 – Max Metzker, Australian swimmer
• 1960 – Buck Williams, American basketball player
• 1961 – Camryn Manheim, American actress
• 1961 – Larry Murphy, Canadian hockey player
• 1961 – Mark Salas, American baseball player
• 1962 – Kim Ung-Yong, Korean child prodigy
• 1963 – Mike Lalor, Canadian hockey player
• 1964 – Kate Betts, American fashion editor
• 1964 – Thomas Bezucha, American screenwriter and director
• 1964 – Lance McCullers, American baseball player
• 1965 – Fαtima Lopes, Portuguese fashion designer
• 1965 – Kenny Smith, American basketball player
• 1966 – Cheryl James, American rapper and actress (Salt-n-Pepa)
• 1967 – Joel Johnston, American baseball player
• 1968 – Michael Bartels, German race car driver
• 1968 – Jim Dougherty, American baseball player
• 1968 – Ellen Forney, American cartoonist
• 1968 – Shawn Mullins, American singer/songwriter
• 1970 – Jason Elam, American football player
• 1970 – Andrea Parker, American actress, ballet dancer
• 1971 – Kit Symons, Welsh footballer
• 1972 – Georgios Georgiadis, Greek footballer
• 1972 – Angie Hart, Australian singer (Frente! and Splendid)
• 1972 – Fergal O'Brien, Irish snooker player
• 1973 – Anneke van Giersbergen, Dutch singer (The Gathering)
• 1973 – Boris Kodjoe, Austrian-born American actor and former model
• 1973 – Mark Lukasiewicz, American baseball player
• 1973 – Kurt Mollekens, Belgian race car driver
• 1973 – Justin Thompson, American baseball player
• 1974 – Fardeen Khan, Indian actor
• 1974 – Mike Moriarty, American baseball player
• 1974 – Stefan Mόller, German footballer
• 1975 – Mauro Briano, Italian footballer
• 1975 – Peggy Zina, Greek singer
• 1976 – Gaz Coombes, English singer (Supergrass, The Jennifers, and The Hotrats)
• 1976 – Juan Encarnacion, American baseball player
• 1976 – Ryan Freel, American baseball player (d. 2012)
• 1976 – Freddie Prinze Jr., American actor
• 1976 – Hines Ward, American football player
• 1977 – Michael Tarver, American wrestler
• 1977 – James Van Der Beek, American actor
• 1977 – Johann Vogel, Swiss footballer
• 1978 – Mohammed Bouyeri, Dutch-Moroccan assassin
• 1978 – Nick Zano, American actor
• 1979 – Tom Chaplin, English singer (Keane)
• 1979 – Jessica Jaymes, American porn actress
• 1979 – Andy Ross, American guitarist (OK Go)
• 1979 – Apathy (rapper), American rapper
• 1980 – Charli Delaney, Australian singer (Hi-5)
• 1980 – Stephen Milne, Australian rules footballer
• 1981 – Michael Beauchamp, Australian footballer
• 1981 – Timothy Jordan II, American musician (The All American Rejects, Jonezetta) (d. 2005)
• 1981 – Joost Posthuma, Dutch professional cyclist
• 1982 – Nicolas Armindo, French race car driver
• 1982 – Leonidas Kampantais, Greek footballer
• 1982 – Craig Stansberry, American baseball player
• 1982 – Kat Von D, Mexican-born American tattoo artist
• 1983 – Andrι Santos, Brazilian footballer
• 1983 – Mark Worrell, American baseball player
• 1984 – Rafik Djebbour, Algerian footballer
• 1984 – Dave Moffatt, Canadian singer and actor (The Moffatts)
• 1984 – Ross Taylor, New Zealand cricketer
• 1984 – Sasha Vujačić, Slovenian basketball player
• 1985 – Ewa Sonnet, Polish model and pop singer
• 1986 – Princess Tsuguko of Takamado, Japanese princess
• 1988 – Armanti Edwards, American college football player
• 1989 – Robbie Hummel, American basketball player
• 1990 – Kristinia DeBarge, American R&B singer
• 1990 – Petra Kvitovα, Czech tennis player
• 1990 – Ben Tozer, English footballer
• 1991 – Devon Werkheiser, American actor and musician
• 1992 – Charlie Ray, American actress
• 1993 – Stephanie Davis, British actress (Hollyoaks)
• 1997 – Jurina Matsui, Japanese singer (AKB48, SKE48)

[edit] Deaths

• 1126 – Urraca of Leσn (b. 1082)
• 1144 – Pope Celestine II
• 1223 – Wincenty Kadłubek, Polish chronicler (b. 1161)
• 1550 – John of God, Portuguese-born friar and saint (b. 1495)
• 1641 – Xu Xiake, Chinese adventurer (b. 1587)
• 1674 – Charles Sorel, sieur de Souvigny, French writer (b. 1597)
• 1702 – William III of England (b. 1650)
• 1731 – Ferdinand Brokoff, Czech sculptor (b. 1688)
• 1757 – Thomas Blackwell, Scottish classical scholar (b. 1701)
• 1771 – Louis August le Clerc, French-born sculptor (b. 1688)
• 1819 – Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge, American doctor, Massachusetts militia officer, member of the Massachusetts legislature (b. 1739)
• 1844 – Charles XIV John of Sweden (b. 1763)
• 1855 – William Poole, American criminal, member of New York City's Bowery Boys gang (b. 1821)
• 1869 – Hector Berlioz, French composer (b. 1803)
• 1872 – Cornelius Krieghoff, Canadian painter (b. 1815)
• 1874 – Millard Fillmore, 13th President of the United States (b. 1800)
• 1887 – Henry Ward Beecher, American clergyman (b. 1813)
• 1887 – James Buchanan Eads, American engineer (b. 1820)
• 1889 – John Ericsson, Swedish inventor (b. 1803)
• 1907 – Marinos Antypas, Greek lawyer and journalist, one of the country's first socialists (b. 1872)
• 1917 – Ferdinand von Zeppelin, German aircraft manufacturer (b. 1838)
• 1923 – Krišjānis Barons, Latvian writer (b. 1835)
• 1923 – Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch Nobel laureate (b. 1837)
• 1930 – William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States (b. 1857)
• 1930 – Edward Terry Sanford, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court (b. 1865)
• 1935 – Hachiko, famous dog (b. 1923)
• 1937 – Howie Morenz, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1902)
• 1941 – Sherwood Anderson, American author (b. 1876)
• 1942 – Josι Raϊl Capablanca, Cuban chess player (b. 1888)
• 1943 – Lιon Thiιbaut, French fencer (b. 1878)
• 1945 – Frederick Bligh Bond, English architect, illustrator, archaeologist and psychical researcher (b.1864)
• 1951 – Martha Beck, American convicted murderer (b. 1920)
• 1951 – Raymond Fernandez, American convicted murderer (d. 1914)
• 1957 – Othmar Schoeck, Swiss composer and conductor (b. 1886)
• 1961 – Thomas Beecham, English conductor (b. 1879)
• 1971 – Harold Lloyd, American actor (b. 1893)
• 1972 – Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, German Nazi official (b. 1899)
• 1973 – Ron "Pigpen" McKernan, American musician (Grateful Dead) (b. 1945)
• 1975 – George Stevens, American director (b. 1904)
• 1976 – Alfons Rebane, Estonian military commander (b. 1908)
• 1981 – Joseph Henry Woodger, British theoretical biologist (b. 1894)
• 1983 – Alan Lennox-Boyd, 1st Viscount Boyd of Merton, British politician (b. 1904)
• 1983 – William Walton, English composer (b. 1902)
• 1985 – Edward Andrews, American actor (b. 1914)
• 1986 – Kersti Merilaas, Estonian author, poet (b. 1913)
• 1988 – Amar Singh Chamkila, Punjabi folk singer (b. 1961)
• 1988 – Werner Hartmann, German physicist (b. 1912)
• 1988 – Henryk Szeryng, Polish-born violinist (b. 1918)
• 1989 – Charles Exbrayat, French novelist (b. 1906)
• 1991 – John Bellairs, American mystery author (b. 1938)
• 1993 – Billy Eckstine, American singer (b. 1914)
• 1995 – Ingo Schwichtenberg, German drummer (Helloween) (b. 1965)
• 1996 – Jack Churchill, eccentric British soldier (b.1906)
• 1998 – Ray Nitschke, American football player (b. 1936)
• 1999 – Adolfo Bioy Casares, Argentine writer (b. 1914)
• 1999 – Peggy Cass, American actress and comedian (b. 1924)
• 1999 – Joe DiMaggio, American baseball player (b. 1914)
• 1999 – William Wrigley III, President of the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company (b. 1933)
• 2001 – Edward Winter, American actor (b. 1937)
• 2003 – Adam Faith, English singer and actor (b. 1940)
• 2003 – Karen Morley, American actress (b. 1909)
• 2004 – Abu Abbas, founder of the Palestine Liberation Front (b. 1948)
• 2004 – Robert Pastorelli, American actor (b. 1954)
• 2005 – Cιsar Lattes, Brazilian physicist (b. 1924)
• 2005 – Aslan Maskhadov, Chechen leader (b. 1951)
• 2006 – Brian Barratt-Boyes, New Zealand heart surgeon (b. 1924)
• 2007 – John Inman, English actor (b. 1935)
• 2007 – Viky Vanita, Greek actress (b. 1948)
• 2007 – John Vukovich, American baseball player and coach (b. 1947)
• 2007 – Christopher Barrios Jr., American Murder Victim (b. 2001)
• 2008 – Carol Barnes, British news presenter (b. 1944)
• 2009 – Ali Bongo, British magician (b. 1929)
• 2009 – Hank Locklin, American country music singer and songwriter (b. 1918)
• 2009 – Zbigniew Religa, Minister of Health of the Republic of Poland (b. 1938)
• 2011 – St. Clair Lee, American vocalist (The Hues Corporation) (b. 1944)
• 2011 – Mike Starr, American Musician (Alice in Chains, Sun Red Sun and Days of the New) (b. 1966)
• 2012 – Leslie Cochran, American peace activist (b.1951)
• 2012 – Simin Daneshvar, Iranian academic, novelist, fiction writer and translator (b.1921)

[edit] Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • John of God
  • Philemon the actor
• Earliest day on which Canberra Day can fall, while March 14 is the latest; celebrated on the second Monday in March. (Australian Capital Territory)
• Earliest day on which Commonwealth Day can fall, while March 14 is the latest; celebrated on the second Monday in March. (Commonwealth of Nations)
• Earliest day on which Passion Sunday can fall, while April 17 is the latest; observed on the fifth Sunday of Lent. (Christianity)
• International Women's Day or Mother's Day (primarily Eastern Europe, Russia, and the former Soviet bloc)
• Revolution Day (Syria)